Table 3.
Maternal n-3 PUFA levels and infant subcutaneous fat mass measures at 1.5, 6 and 24 months (N =904)1-2
| Maternal n-3 PUFA in SDS | Adiposity measures at 1.5 months in SDS Difference (95% confidence interval) | Adiposity measures at 6 months in SDS Difference (95% confidence interval) | Adiposity measures at 24 months in SDS Difference (95% confidence interval) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body mass index | Total subcutaneous fat mass | Central-to-total subcutaneous fat mass ratio | Body mass index | Total subcutaneous fat mass | Central-to-total subcutaneous fat mass ratio | Body mass index | Total subcutaneous fat mass | Central-to-total subcutaneous subcutaneous fat | |
| Total | 0.02 (-0.05, 0.09) | -0.02 (-0.10, 0.05) | 0.12 (0.05, 0.20)* | -0.01 (-0.09, 0.06) | -0.02 (-0.10, 0.05) | -0.08 (-0.15, -0.01)* | 0.01 (-0.06, 0.09) | 0.05 (-0.03, 0.13) | -0.01 (-0.09, 0.07) |
| ALA | 0.05 (-0.01, 0.12) | -0.06 (-0.13, 0.02) | 0.02 (-0.06, 0.09) | 0.01 (-0.07, 0.07) | 0.02 (-0.05, 0.09) | -0.03 (-0.10, 0.04) | 0.02 (-0.06, 0.09) | 0.01 (-0.08, 0.08) | -0.02 (-0.10, 0.05) |
| EPA | 0.01 (-0.06, 0.07) | -0.01 (-0.08, 0.07) | 0.07 (0.01, 0.15)* | -0.01 (-0.07, 0.07) | -0.03 (-0.10, 0.04) | -0.07 (-0.14, 0) | 0.01 (-0.07, 0.09) | 0.04 (-0.04, 0.12) | 0.01 (-0.07, 0.09) |
| DPA | 0.03 (-0.04, 0.09) | -0.13 (-0.20, -0.05)* | 0.11 (0.04, 0.18)* | -0.06 (-0.12, 0.01) | -0.05 (-0.12, 0.02) | -0.02 (-0.10, 0.05) | -0.06 (-0.14, 0.01) | 0.02 (-0.06, 0.09) | -0.06 (-0.13, 0.02) |
| DHA | 0.01 (-0.06, 0.08) | 0.01 (-0.07, 0.08) | 0.11 (0.03, 0.18)* | -0.01 (-0.08, 0.07) | -0.01 (-0.08, 0.07) | -0.07 (-0.14, 0) | 0.02 (-0.05, 0.10) | 0.04 (-0.04, 0.12) | 0.01 (-0.08, 0.09) |
Values are regression coefficients (95% Confidence Interval) that reflect the difference in SDS of infant body mass index and fat mass measures at 1.5, 6 and 24 months per SD change in maternal n-3 PUFA levels. Body mass index = weight/height2. Total subcutaneous fat mass = biceps + triceps + suprailiacal + subscapular skinfold thicknesses. Central-to-total subcutaneous fat mass ratio = (suprailiacal + subscapular skinfold thicknesses)/total subcutaneous fat mass.
Models are adjusted for gestational age at blood sampling, maternal age, educational level, parity, pre-pregnancy body mass index, maternal total energy intake, smoking habits and weight gain during pregnancy, folic acid supplement use, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertensive disorders, infants' sex, gestational age-adjusted birth weight standard-deviation scores, breastfeeding duration and timing of introduction of solid foods (for 6 and 24 months).
P-value<0.05.