Table 2.
Fracture Type | N | Hazard Ratio (95% CI)
|
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Protein | Dairy Protein | Non-dairy Animal Protein | Plant Protein | ||
Major Osteoporotic Fractureb | 613 | ||||
Base modelc | 0.93 (0.86, 1.01) | 0.94 (0.83, 1.07) | 0.92 (0.84, 1.01) | 0.96 (0.83, 1.12) | |
Full modeld | 0.92 (0.84, 1.00) | 0.89 (0.78, 1.01) | 0.92 (0.84, 1.01) | 0.97 (0.83, 1.13) | |
Low-trauma Fracturee | 806 | ||||
Base model | 0.94 (0.87, 1.01) | 0.93 (0.84, 1.04) | 0.94 (0.87, 1.02) | 0.95 (0.83, 1.08) | |
Full model | 0.92 (0.85, 0.99) | 0.89 (0.79, 0.99) | 0.93 (0.86, 1.01) | 0.95 (0.83, 1.09) | |
Hip Fracture | 270 | ||||
Base model | 0.81 (0.71, 0.92) | 0.79 (0.66, 0.96) | 0.80 (0.69, 0.93) | 0.88 (0.70, 1.10) | |
Full model | 0.84 (0.73, 0.95) | 0.80 (0.65, 0.98) | 0.84 (0.72, 0.97) | 0.99 (0.78, 1.24) | |
Clinical Spine Fracture | 193 | ||||
Base model | 1.10 (0.96, 1.27) | 1.14 (0.92, 1.40) | 1.09 (0.94, 1.28) | 1.08 (0.82, 1.41) | |
Full model | 1.06 (0.92, 1.22) | 1.05 (0.85, 1.31) | 1.06 (0.91, 1.24) | 1.02 (0.77, 1.35) | |
Non-hip Non-spine Fracture | 919 | ||||
Base model | 0.97 (0.90, 1.03) | 0.94 (0.85, 1.04) | 0.97 (0.91, 1.05) | 0.99 (0.87, 1.11) | |
Full model | 0.94 (0.88, 1.00) | 0.87 (0.78, 0.97) | 0.96 (0.89, 1.03) | 0.95 (0.83, 1.07) |
Calculated as a percentage of total energy intake (%TEI) and scaled to have 1 unit change=2.9%TEI=1 SD (total protein intake). Source-specific protein intakes were included in a single model, i.e. each one was adjusted for the other two source-specific intakes.
Hip, clinical spine, forearm, humerus
Base model adjusted for age
Full model adjusted for age, height, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, clinical center, total energy intake, smoking, alcohol use, self-reported physical activity (PASE), history of GI surgery, history of osteoporosis, calcium/vitamin D supplement use, corticosteroid use as covariates
Without trauma or due to trauma less than or equal to fall from standing height