Table 2. Elemental composition (C, H, S, O), and atomic ratios (H/C, O/C) of biochars produced at different pyrolysis temperatures.
Biomass | Temp. (°C) | Elemental composition (%) | Atomic ratio | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | H | S | O | H/C | O/C | ||
Chicken manure | 350 | 31.2 Ad | 1.97 Ac | 0.31 Ba | 10.9 Bc | 0.76 Ba | 0.26 Ba |
450 | 27.2 ABd | 1.92 Bc | 0.44 Aa | 11.4 Bc | 0.85 Aa | 0.31 Ba | |
750 | 24.7 Bd | 0.67 Cc | 0.29 Ba | 16.3 Aa | 0.32 Ca | 0.49 Aa | |
Eucalyptus sawdust | 350 | 70.4 Ca | 3.81 Ab | 0.02 Ac | 24.0 Aab | 0.65 Aa | 0.26 Ab |
450 | 78.6 Ba | 3.42 Ba | 0.01 Ac | 16.6 Bab | 0.52 Bb | 0.16 Bc | |
750 | 90.9 Aa | 1.52 Ca | 0.04 Ac | 5.6 Cc | 0.20 Cc | 0.05 Cc | |
Coffee husk | 350 | 60.5 Bc | 3.92 Ab | 0.09 Bb | 19.5 Aab | 0.78 Aa | 0.24 Aa |
450 | 61.3 Bc | 3.65 Ba | 0.10 Bb | 19.0 Aa | 0.71 Aa | 0.23 Ab | |
750 | 66.0 Ac | 1.57 Ca | 0.23 Ab | 9.8 Bb | 0.29 Bb | 0.11 Bb | |
Sugarcane bagasse | 350 | 74.7 Ca | 4.26 Aa | 0.03 Ac | 17.9 Ab | 0.68 Aa | 0.18 Ab |
450 | 81.6 Ba | 3.66 Ba | 0.05 Ac | 11.3 Bbc | 0.54 Bb | 0.10 Bc | |
750 | 90.5 Aa | 1.64 Ca | 0.06 Ac | 4.3 Cc | 0.22 Cc | 0.04 Cc | |
Pine bark | 350 | 67.6 Cb | 3.73 Ab | 0.01 Ac | 28.7 Aa | 0.66 Aa | 0.32 Aa |
450 | 75.2 Ba | 2.74 Bb | 0.02 Ac | 24.7 Ba | 0.44 Bb | 0.25 Bc | |
750 | 86.3 Aab | 1.16 Cb | 0.04 Ac | 19.1 Ca | 0.16 Cc | 0.17 Cc |
Uppercase letters compare pyrolysis temperatures within the same biomass and lowercase letters compare biomass at the same temperature. The same letter do not differ by the Tukey test at p <0.05.