Table 1. Physiological and biochemical parameters of rats.
| Parameters | CTL | DBT | DBT+SPL | SPL |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood glucose (mg/dL) | 95.4 ±3.3 | 451.2 ±16.2*** | 459.6 ±21.1*** | 96.0 ±6.9 |
| Body weight (g) | 293 ±5.5 | 215 ±2.8*** | 261 ±4.7## | 291 ±15.7 |
| Kidney weight (g) | 0.83 ±0.04 | 1.16 ±0.04*** | 0.96 ±0.05## | 0.82 ±0.03 |
| Kidney/body weight ratio | 0.0028 ±0.0007 | 0.0054 ±0.0004** | 0.0036 ±0.0003# | 0.0028 ±0.0001 |
| Serum aldosterone (pg/mL) | 589 ±22 | 700 ±29* | 751 ±39* | 592 ±33 |
| Proteinuria (mg/day) | 5.9 ±0.9 | 15.4 ±1.6* | 8.9 ±0.7# | 5.9 ±1.1 |
| Proteinuria/creatininuria ratio | 0.61 ±0.03 | 1.34 ±0.18* | 0.76 ±0.03# | 0.68 ±0.09 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.20 ±0.06 | 1.35 ±0.07 | 1.25 ±0.09 | 1.28 ±0.04 |
| Creatinine clearance (mL/min) | 1.11 ±0.08 | 1.19 ±0.13 | 1.04 ±0.10 | 1.17 ±0.11 |
| Serum Na+ (mEq/L) | 141 ±2.2 | 143 ±2.0 | 139 ±2.9 | 138 ±1.1 |
| Urinary Na+ (mEq/day) | 12.4 ±1.8 | 28.0 ±4.3* | 15.9 ±3.1# | 14.6 ±2.3 |
| FENa+ (%) | 0.30 ±0.02 | 0.65 ±0.06** | 0.33 ±0.05# | 0.36 ±0.07 |
| Serum K+ (mEq/L) | 5.1 ±0.7 | 5.3 ±0.8 | 5.2 ±1.1 | 5.1 ±0.6 |
| FEK+ (%) | 31.4 ±2.6 | 28.6 ±2.8 | 28.2 ±3.1 | 32.1 ±4.3 |
| Plasma osmolality (mg/kg H2O) | 296 ±1.9 | 321 ±11.3* | 322 ±8.4* | 305 ±4.2 |
CTL, control group; DBT, diabetic group; DBT+SPL, diabetes + spironolactone group; SPL, spironolactone group; FENa+, fractional excretion of sodium; FEK+, fractional excretion of potassium. Values are represented as means ± SEM (n = 6–8). *p<0.05; **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001 vs control and #p<0.05; ##p<0.01 vs DBT.