Table 4.
Univariate and multivariate analyses to predict progression-free survival in cases of extrapulmonary metastasis
| Univariate | Multivariate | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
||||
| HR | p | HR | 95% CI | p | |
|
|
|
||||
| Age | |||||
| <65 | reference | 0.6781 | |||
| ≥65 | 1.092 | ||||
| Gender | |||||
| Male | reference | 0.7756 | |||
| Female | 1.107 | ||||
| Histological findings | |||||
| Non-clear | reference | 0.0003 | reference | 0.0001 | |
| Clear | 0.378 | 0.340 | 0.195–0.593 | ||
| ECOG performance status | |||||
| 0 | reference | 0.0003 | reference | 0.0042 | |
| ≥1 | 2.307 | 2.065 | 1.257–3.393 | ||
| Anemia | |||||
| No | reference | 0.1287 | |||
| Yes | 1.391 | ||||
| Hypercalcemia | |||||
| No | reference | 0.0714 | |||
| Yes | 2.338 | ||||
| High LDH | |||||
| No | reference | 0.6896 | |||
| Yes | 1.203 | ||||
| Prior nephrectomy | |||||
| No | reference | 0.0079 | reference | 0.3156 | |
| Yes | 0.414 | 0.692 | 0.338–1.420 | ||
| No. of metastatic organs | |||||
| ≥2 | reference | 0.0220 | reference | 0.0784 | |
| 1 | 0.582 | 0.645 | 0.396–1.051 | ||
| Targeted agent | |||||
| TKI | reference | 0.1318 | |||
| mTORi | 1.451 | ||||
| Timing of treatment | |||||
| First-line | reference | 0.0019 | reference | 0.0004 | |
| Second-line or later | 2.016 | 2.386 | 1.477–3.583 | ||
| Pretreated NLR | |||||
| <3 | reference | 0.0003 | reference | <0.0001 | |
| ≥3 | 2.192 | 2.739 | 1.734–4.328 | ||
CI: confidence interval; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; HR: hazard ratio; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; NLR: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; TKI: tyrosine-kinase inhibitor.