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. 2017 May 12;8:542. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00542

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Copyright © 2017 Rockwood, Costa, Amaral, Du Bruyn, Kubler, Gil-Santana, Fukutani, Scanga, Flynn, Jackson, Wilkinson, Bishai, Sher, Wilkinson and Andrade.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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HIV-1 coinfection and degree of immunosuppression relates to heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) concentrations in plasma from tuberculosis (TB) patients prior to antitubercular treatment. (A) Spearman correlation analysis of HO-1 levels in plasma by CD4⁺ T-cell counts in HIV-infected patients before initiation of antibubercular therapy. (B) HIV-infected patients were further classified based on CD4⁺ T-cell counts and HO-1 levels. (C) HO-1 levels were also compared between antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve patients and those who were on ART before TB treatment. In panels (B,C), data were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. (D) Spearman correlation analysis of HO-1 levels in plasma with HIV viral load at pretreatment in HIV-infected patients.