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. 2017 May 12;8:652. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00652

Table 5.

3D imaging technology for plant phenotyping.

3D sensor Measures Application
Stereo camera. 3D imaging. Biomass and shoot structure.
High resolution volumetric imaging (X-ray tomographs, Magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission detectors). 3D imaging of physiological status. Water content, morphometricparameters.
Laser scanning technologies such as Light Detection And Range (LIDAR) (Menzel et al., 2009; Eitel et al., 2011; Hosoi and Omasa, 2012; Araus and Cairns, 2014; Deery et al., 2014; Raza et al., 2015; Rousseau et al., 2015). Measures the distance between a target and the sensor by analyzing the reflected light of a laser. Canopy characterization such as phenology, and leaf area index (Llorens et al., 2011; Rinaldi et al., 2013; Sanz et al., 2013; Hosoi et al., 2011).