. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 May 12.

Published in final edited form as: Eur J Clin Nutr. 2016 Apr 13;70(10):1144–1150. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.60

Table 2. Associations of infant weight growth measures with childhood adiposity outcomes (N=5,126).

SDS difference in childhood body fat outcomes (95% Confidence Interval)

	BMI	Body fat percentage	Android/gynoid fat mass ratio	Pre-peritoneal abdominal fat area
Total group

PWV (1 SDS = 2.1 kg/year)	0.37 (0.34, 0.40)^,^*	0.21 (0.18, 0.24) ^,^*	0.14 (0.10, 0.17) ^,^*	0.13 (0.10, 0.17) ^,^*
AGEAP (1 SDS = 0.04 years)	0.08 (0.06, 0.11) ^,^*	0.05 (0.03, 0.08) ^,^*	0.03 (-0.01, 0.06)^***	0.02 (-0.01, 0.05)
BMIAP (1 SDS = 0.8 kg/m²)	0.45 (0.43, 0.48)^**	0.24 (0.21, 0.27)^**	0.17 (0.10, 0.17) ^,^*	0.11 (0.08, 0.15)^**

Boys

PWV (1 SDS = 2.0 kg/year)	0.33 (0.30, 0.37)^,^**	0.19 (0.15, 0.23)^,^**	0.08 (0.04, 0.13)^,^**	0.11 (0.06, 0.16)^**
AGEAP (1 SDS = 0.04 years)	0.05 (0.02, 0.09)^,^**	0.01 (-0.02, 0.05)^****	-0.02 (-0.06, 0.02)^****	-0.01 (-0.05, 0.03)^****
BMIAP (1 SDS = 0.8 kg/m²)	0.46 (0.42, 0.49)^**	0.23 (0.19, 0.24)^**	0.12 (0.06, 0.14)^,^**	0.11 (0.06, 0.16)^**

Girls

PWV (1 SDS = 1.8 kg/year)	0.42 (0.38, 0.46)^,^**	0.25 (0.20, 0.30)^,^**	0.22 (0.16, 0.27)^,^**	0.17 (0.11, 0.23)^**
AGEAP (1 SDS = 0.04 years)	0.11 (0.08, 0.15)^,^**	0.09 (0.05, 0.13)^,^**	0.07 (0.02, 0.12)^,^**	0.05 (0.01, 010)^,^***
BMIAP (1 SDS = 0.8 kg/m²)	0.45 (0.042, 0.49)^**	0.24 (0.20, 0.29)^**	0.21 (0.16, 0.26)^,^**	0.12 (0.07, 0.17)^**

Abbreviations: N: number, SDS: standard deviation scores, BMI: body mass index, PWV: peak weight velocity, AGEAP: age at adiposity peak, BMIAP: body mass index at adiposity peak. Values are linear regression coefficients (95% CI) based on multiple linear regression models and reflect the change in outcome per SD increase in each infant weight growth characteristics. Model adjusted for age, sex (total group), age mother, body mass index before pregnancy, parity, marital status, education mother, smoking during pregnancy, use of alcohol during pregnancy, folic acid supplement use, gestational diabetes and gestational hypertensive disorders, paternal body mass index, standard deviation score birth weight, child’s ethnicity, number of postnatal measurements, breast feeding, age at introduction of solid foods and watching television. Analyses with fat mass were additionally adjusted for height of the child. Models adjusted for age and sex only are given in Supplementary Materials Table S3.

* P value <0.05

** P value <0.01

*** P values for interaction with sex <0.05

**** P values for heterogeneity between sex<0.05.