Table 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics of rural single seniors in Shandong, China, 2012
| Characteristics | Totala
n (%) |
Rural single male n (%) |
Rural single female n (%) |
χ 2/t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observations | 505(100) | 193(38.2) | 312(61.8) | ||
| Age | 7.307 | 0.026 | |||
| 60- | 228(45.1) | 98(50.8) | 130(41.7) | ||
| 70- | 200(39.6) | 62(32.1) | 138(44.2) | ||
| 80- | 77(15.2) | 33(17.1) | 44(14.1) | ||
| Education | 82.226 | 0.000 | |||
| Illiteracy or semiliterate | 354(70.1) | 90(46.6) | 264(84.6) | ||
| Primary school | 110(21.8) | 74(38.3) | 36(11.5) | ||
| Junior school or above | 41(8.1) | 29(15.0) | 12(3.8) | ||
| Past occupation | 11.998 | 0.001 | |||
| Farmer | 464(91.9) | 167(86.5) | 297(95.2) | ||
| Others | 41(8.1) | 26(13.5) | 15(4.8) | ||
| Living arrangements | 33.787 | 0.000 | |||
| Alone | 156(30.9) | 70(36.3) | 86(27.6) | ||
| With children or others | 349(69.1) | 123(63.7) | 226(72.4) | ||
| Number of children | 13.747 | 0.000 | |||
| 0-3 | 304(60.2) | 136(70.5) | 168(53.8) | ||
| > 3 | 201(39.8) | 57(29.5) | 144(46.2) | ||
| Relationship with children | 0.225 | 0.635 | |||
| Good | 444(87.9) | 168(87.0) | 276(88.5) | ||
| Normal or bad | 61(12.1) | 25(13.0) | 36(11.5) | ||
| Social support | 29.5 ± 6.3 | 28.5 ± 7.0 | 30.2 ± 5.8 | 32.880 | 0.328 |
| Self-reported health status | 3.179 | 0.075 | |||
| Good | 240(47.5) | 82(42.5) | 158(50.6) | ||
| Normal or bad | 265(52.5) | 111(57.5) | 154(49.4) | ||
| Psychological stress | 17.5 ± 7.3 | 17.1 ± 7.3 | 17.7 ± 7.2 | 24.587 | 0.699 |
| ADLb | 13.963 | 0.001 | |||
| I | 256(50.7) | 117(60.6) | 139(44.6) | ||
| II | 134(26.5) | 36(18.7) | 98(31.4) | ||
| III | 115(22.8) | 40(20.7) | 75(24.0) | ||
| NCDc | 0.274 | 0.601 | |||
| Yes | 360(71.3) | 135(69.9) | 225(72.1) | ||
| No | 145(28.7) | 58(30.1) | 87(27.9) | ||
| Incomed | 4.200 | 0.241 | |||
| Q1 | 227(45.0) | 83(43.0) | 144(46.2) | ||
| Q2 | 129(25.5) | 58(30.1) | 71(22.8) | ||
| Q3 | 105(20.8) | 39(20.2) | 66(21.2) | ||
| Q4 | 44(8.7) | 13(6.7) | 31(9.9) | ||
| Per-capita living space | 40.9 ± 38.2 | 45.4 ± 49.6 | 38.1 ± 28.8 | 86.844 | 0.713 |
aRural singles include those who are unmarried(10.5%), divorced(1.2%), widowed(86.5%), separated(1.8%)
bADL means activity of daily living
cNCD means non-communicable chronic diseases
dQuartile 1 (Q1) is the poorest and Quartile 4 (Q4) is the richest