Table 2.
Linear regression models showing predictors of children’s cognitive outcomes
| Performance on cognitive tests | Cognitive functioning difficulty or disability | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Draw-a-person | Digit span | Learning | Remembering | Comprehension | Total difficulties | |
| B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | |
| Model 1 | ||||||
| Cash support | 15.57 (12.81, 18.33)*** | 1.33 (.72, 1.95)*** | −.17 (−.25, −.09)*** | −.009 (−.19, .01) | −.03 (−.07, .02) | −.27 (−.45, −.09)** |
| Good parenting | 6.25 (1.25, 11.24)* | .77 (−.33, 1.87) | .004 (−.14, .15) | −.01 (−.19, .17) | .04 (−.04, .11) | .03 (−.29, .35) |
| Cash plus good parenting | 18.66 (15.17, 22.15)*** | 2.13 (1.35, 2.90)*** | −.24 (−.34, −.14)*** | −.21 (−.34, −.09)*** | −.04 (−.09, .02) | −.47 (−.70, −.25)*** |
| Model 2 | ||||||
| Cash support | 12.37 (9.42, 15.33)*** | .85 (.20-1.51)* | −.09 (−.18, .001) | −.02 (−.13, .09) | .02 (−.03, .06) | −.09 (−.28, .10) |
| Good parenting | 6.18 (1.31, 11.04)** | .79 (−.28, 1.87) | .008 (−-.14, .15) | −.01 (−.19, .17) | .05 (−.03, .12) | .04 (−.27, .35) |
| Cash plus good parenting | 16.01 (12.45, 19.57)*** | 1.73 (.94, 2.51)** | −.17 (−.28, −.06)** | −.13 (−.27, .001)* | .003 (−.05, .06) | −.30 (−.53, −.07)** |
| Child gender (female) | .48 (−1.64, 2.60) | .19 (−.28, .66) | −.09 (−.15, −.02)** | −.09 (−.17, −.01) | −.03 (−.06, −.001) | −.21 (−.35, −.07)* |
| Child age (years) | - | - | .001 (−.01, .01) | .009 (−.005, .02) | −.03 (−.06, −.001)* | .008 (−.02, .03) |
| Number household assets | 1.35 (.74, 1.96)*** | −.004 (−.05, .02)*** | −.03 (−.05, −.007)* | −.01 (−.02, −.004)** | −.08 (−.12, −.04)*** | |
| Child HIV status (HIV+) | -6.49 (−9.64, −3.35)*** | −.92 (−1.61, −.22)* | .11 (.01, .20) | .16 (.04, .28)** | .08 (.04, .13)*** | .35 (.15, .55)** |
| Child functioning difficulty or disability | −.64 (−1.09, −.19)** | −.25 (−.35, −.15)*** | - | - | - | - |
| Interactions | ||||||
| HIV x Cash | −3.87 (−8.48, .75) | −1.20 (−2.22, −.17)* | .02 (−1.12, .15) | .13 (−.04, .30) | .05 (−.02, .11) | .19 (−.10, .49) |
| HIV x Good parenting | −11.01 (−21.29, −.73)* | −1.91 (−4.25, .44) | .22 (−.08, .52) | .33 (−.04, .71) | .20 (.05, .35)** | .75 (.09, 1.41)* |
| HIV x Cash plus good parenting | .52 (−7.98, 9.00) | −1.27 (−3.14, .61) | −.03 (−.27, .22) | .05 (−.26, .36) | .04 (−.08, .17) | .07 (−.48, .61) |
B: unstandardised coefficient, CI: confidence interval
Model 1: Univariate regression analyses showing associations of cash, good parenting and combined cash and good parenting with cognitive outcomes; Model 2: Multivariate regression analyses showing associations of cash, good parenting and combined cash and good parenting with cognitive outcomes controlling for other predictors: child gender, age, HIV status, number of household assets, and functioning difficulty or disability
p < .05, *p < .01, ** p< .001 ***
Interactions: p value refers to interaction of child HIV status and 3 types of provision: cash support, good parenting, and cash plus good parenting