Table 1.
Characteristics of study population grouped by cfPWV ≤12 or >12 m/s at follow-up
| Characteristics | Total (n = 898) | CfPWV >12 m/s (n = 707) | CfPWV ≤ 12 m/s (n = 191) | p valuea | p valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 53 (48–61) | 52 (46–59) | 63 (54–71) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Age ≥60 (%) | 285 (31.7) | 168 (23.8) | 117 (61.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Males (%) | 401 (44.7) | 302 (42.7) | 99 (51.8) | 0.025 | 0.563 |
| Smoker (%) | 210 (23.4) | 161 (22.8) | 49 (25.7) | 0.404 | 0.188 |
| Drinker (%) | 190 (21.2) | 155 (21.9) | 35 (18.3) | 0.280 | 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.23 (23.42–27.55) | 25.24 (23.44–27.40) | 25.14 (23.18–27.73) | 0.782 | 0.363 |
| Obesity (%) | 186 (20.7) | 143 (20.2) | 43 (22.5) | 0.489 | 0.521 |
| CAD (%) | 77 (8.6) | 45 (6.4) | 32 (16.8) | <0.001 | 0.010 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 123 (112–136) | 122 (111–132) | 131 (120–145) | <0.001 | 0.350 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 77 (70–83) | 77 (70–83) | 79 (70–86) | 0.217 | 0.039 |
| Hypertension (%) | 323 (36.0) | 213 (30.1) | 110 (57.6) | <0.001 | 0.019 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.42 (1.02–2.08) | 1.40 (1.01–2.01) | 1.47 (1.06–2.31) | 0.096 | 0.460 |
| High TG (%) | 194 (21.6) | 144 (20.4) | 50 (26.2) | 0.083 | 0.017 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.37 (1.15–1.61) | 1.37 (1.16–1.61) | 1.37 (1.13–1.62) | 0.791 | 0.998 |
| Low HDL-c (%) | 124 (13.8) | 95 (13.4) | 29 (15.2) | 0.535 | 0.650 |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 2.85 (2.39–3.23) | 2.84 (2.39–3.21) | 2.91 (2.44–3.33) | 0.227 | 0.821 |
| High LDL-c (%) | 38 (4.2) | 28 (4.0) | 10 (5.2) | 0.437 | 0.939 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 4.96 (4.60–5.39) | 4.92 (4.59–5.31) | 5.11 (4.64–5.65) | 0.001 | 0.014 |
| PBG (mmol/L) | 6.09 (5.12–7.70) | 5.93 (5.06–7.29) | 6.82 (5.52–8.54) | <0.001 | 0.008 |
| T2D (%) | 102 (11.4) | 66 (9.3) | 36 (18.8) | <0.001 | 0.008 |
| Anti-hypertensive drugs (%) | 182 (20.3) | 114 (16.1) | 68 (35.6) | <0.001 | 0.007 |
| Anti-dyslipidemic drugs (%) | 40 (4.5) | 31 (4.4) | 9 (4.7) | 0.846 | 0.953 |
| Anti-diabetic drugs (%) | 19 (2.1) | 13 (1.8) | 6 (3.1) | 0.408 | 0.773 |
cfPWV carotid femoral pulse wave velocity, BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, TG: triglyceride, HDL-c high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c low density lipoprotein cholesterol, FBG fasting blood glucose, PBG postprandial blood glucose, T2D type 2 diabetes
aSimple comparison between groups determined by cfPWV ≤12 or >12 m/s at follow-up
bBivariate correlations of all variables with change of cfPWV