Table 1.

Hospital characteristics of responding and nonresponding intensive care units using external data

Organization Characteristic	Responding ICUs (n = 129)	Nonresponding ICUs (n = 77)	P Value
No. of hospitals*	92	63	—
Total hospital beds, median (IQR)	308 (150–493)	228 (138–382)	0.09
Total hospital annual admissions, median (IQR)	13,136 (5,508–25,201)	10,112 (3,271–18,928)	0.1
Total ICU beds,† median (IQR)	34 (12–61)	26 (10–53)	0.3
Hospital ownership, n (%)			0.9
Not for profit	111 (86)	66 (86)
For profit	18 (14)	11 (14)
Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education programs, n (%)	78 (61)	40 (52)	0.2
Resident-to-bed ratio, median (IQR)	0.07 (0–0.26)	0.01 (0–0.13)	0.07
Metropolitan, n (%)	110 (85)	64 (83)	0.7

Definition of abbreviations: ICU = intensive care unit; IQR = interquartile range.

^*Only includes hospitals for which American Hospital Association data were available (129/136 responders, 77/87 nonresponders); 14 hospitals include both responding and nonresponding ICUs and are included in both comparison groups.

^†Missing: 14 responding ICUs, 8 non-responding ICUs.