Table 4.

Intensive care unit physician staffing

ICU Staffing Characteristic	ICUs (n = 136)
Dedicated physician ICU director	106 (78)
Daytime intensivist staffing model
Primary responsibility for all patients on admission	23 (17)
Primary attending or consults on all patients by ICU policy/guideline	38 (28)
Consults on certain patients by policy/guideline and on other patients only when requested by an attending physician	20 (15)
Consults on patients only when requested by the primary attending physician	21 (15)
No intensivist is available	33 (24)
Tele-ICU	1 (1)
Senior-most clinician available in person overnight
Intensivist attending physician	37 (27)
Nonintensivist attending physician	38 (28)
Resident, fellow, or other trainee	27 (20)
Advanced practitioner	8 (6)
No physician or physician-equivalent clinician, but physicians from other parts of the hospital	24 (18)
No physician or physician equivalent is available in person	2 (2)
Patient monitoring by tele-ICU	23 (17)
Trainees routinely participate in patient care*	79 (59)

Definition of abbreviation: ICU = intensive care unit.

Data presented as n (%).

^*Missing: two ICUs.