Table 4.
Overview of the reviewed intervention studies with herbs extracts in humans: characteristics, study design and effect on markers of redox, oxidative and inflammatory status.
| Treatment |
Dose/day
Standardization |
Study design and duration |
Study design and
duration |
Markers of red-ox/ oxidative status | Markers of inflammatory status | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ginseng based steroid Rg1 (capsule) | 5 mg Rg1 | Healthy 12 |
Crossover, one night and one hour before exercise | TBARS ↓ | IL6 ↔ TNF- α ↓ |
[60] |
| Ginseng extract (capsule) | 250 mg, four capsules/day (7 mg ginsenosides) |
Hyperlipidemic 36 |
Parallel, 8 weeks | PAB ↔ | CRP↔ | [61] |
| Ginsenosides (intravenously) | 1.5 mL/kg (equal to 1.35 mg/kg ginsenosides and 0.15 mg/kg aconite alkaloid). | Children undergoing heart surgery for congenital heart defects 24 |
Parallel, 2 minutes before the start of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and throughout the course of CPB. | MDA (1 and 2h after reperfusion) ↓ | IL-6 and LPS (1 and 2h after reperfusion)↓ | [62] |
| Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (silymarin) extract (tablets) | 140 mg silymarin three times/day | Type 2 diabetes 40 |
Parallel, 45 days | SOD↑ GPX↑ NEAC ↑ MDA↓ |
CRP↓ | [63] |
| Nettle (Urtica dioica) (extract) | 100 mg /kg of body weight | 50 type 2 diabetes |
Parallel, 8 weeks | NEAC ↑ SOD ↑ MDA↔ GPX↔ |
CRP and IL-6↓ TNF-α ↔ |
[64, 65] |
CRP: C reactive protein; GPX: glutathione peroxidase; IL: interleukin; NEAC: non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MDA: malondialdehyde; PAB: Pro-oxidant- Antioxidant Balance; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor α.