Table 6.
Overview of the reviewed intervention studies with spices extracts in humans: characteristics, study design and effect on markers of redox, oxidative and inflammatory status.
| Treatment |
Dose/day
Standardization |
Subjects (healthy status and no.) | Study design and duration | Markers of red-ox/ oxidative status | Markers of inflammatory status | Refs. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Curcumin (phytosome) | 200 mg | Healthy 19 |
Parallel, 48 hours prior and 24 hours after running test | NEAC↔ CAT ↔ GPX ↔ |
CRP ↓ (24h) IL-8 ↓ (2h) MPO ↔ |
[71] | |
| Curcumin extracts (powder) | 400 mg (80 mg curcumin) | Healthy 38 |
Parallel, 4 weeks | NEAC↑ CAT↑ SOD ↔ |
CRP ↔ MPO↑ |
[72] | |
| Curcuminoids (capsules) | 4 g | Undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting 121 |
Parallel, 3 days before the surgery and 5 days after surgery | MDA↓ | CRP↓ | [73] | |
| Turmeric (capsules) | 2 g | Type 2 diabetes on metformin therapy 60 |
Parallel, 4 weeks. | NEAC ↑ MDA↓ GSH, GPX, CAT and carbonyls ↔ |
CRP↓ | [74] | |
| Turmeric (capsules) | 2.8 g | Overweight and obese women 98 |
Parallel, 4 weeks | IsoP and oxLDL↔ | CRP, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α ↔ | [75] | |
| Ginger (capsule) | 1000 mg | Peritoneal dialysis 36 |
Parallel, 10 weeks | MDA↔ | CRP↔ | [76] | |
| Treatment |
Dose/day Standardization |
Subjects (healthy status and no.) |
Study design and duration |
Markers of red-ox/ oxidative status | Markers of inflammatory status | Refs. | |
| Ginger (capsules) | 3 g | Type 2 diabetes 45 |
Parallel, 3 months | NEAC↑ MDA↓ |
CRP↓ | [77] | |
| Ginger extract (enteral feeding) | 120 mg | Acute respiratory distress syndrome 32 |
Parallel, 5 and 10 days | GSH (day 5)↑ | IL-1 ↔ IL-6 (day 5)↓ TNF-α ↔ |
[78] | |
CAT: catalase; CRP: C reactive protein; GPX: glutathione peroxidase; GSH: reduced glutathione; IL: interleukin; IsoP: isoprostanes; MDA: malondialdehyde; MPO: myeloperoxidase; NEAC: non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity; oxLDL: oxidized low density lipoproteins; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TNF--α: tumor necrosis factor alfa.