Table 1.
Anthropometric and metabolic characteristics of the study groups.
| NGT | PDM | T2DM Without vascular complications | T2DM With vascular complications | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 22 | 18 | 25 | 33 |
| Age (years) | 48.2 ± 7.3 | 49.6 ± 9.2 | 50.7 ± 8.3 | 51.8 ± 6.6 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.5 ± 2.1 | 26.1 ± 1.7# | 26.5 ± 3.3* | 27.0 ± 2.6* |
| WHR | 0.82 ± 0.03 | 0.91 ± 0.06# | 0.88 ± 0.05 | 0.90 ± 0.07* |
| FPG (mmol/l) | 5.14 ± 0.24 | 5.38 ± 0.51 | 7.25 ± 0.81* | 7.83 ± 0.62* |
| FINS (mU/l) | 9.82 ± 1.32 | 12.04 ± 1.74 | 20.86 ± 2.75* | 25.96 ± 2.95* |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.21 ± 0.27 | 5.68 ± 0.39 | 6.08 ± 1.14* | 6.86 ± 0.98* |
| TC (mmol/l) | 4.60 ± 0.26 | 4.88 ± 0.75 | 5.09 ± 0.87* | 5.71 ± 0.93* |
| TG (mmol/l) | 1.21 ± 0.36 | 1.45 ± 0.45 | 2.13 ± 0.52* | 2.65 ± 0.90* |
| HDL-c (mmol/l) | 1.42 ± 0.82 | 1.35 ± 0.41 | 1.12 ± 0.12* | 1.01 ± 0.23* |
| LDL-c (mmol/l) | 3.12 ± 0.28 | 3.36 ± 0.34 | 3.58 ± 0.49 | 3.62 ± 0.52* |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 126.92 ± 10.61 | 121.24 ± 11.38 | 115.71 ± 8.16 | 58.75 ± 7.83* |
| Adiponectin (mg/l) | 12.28 ± 2.23 | 9.14 ± 0.72# | 7.09 ± 0.55* | 4.83 ± 0.37* |
| HOMA-IR | 2.15 ± 0.31 | 2.87 ± 0.55# | 7.51 ± 0.86* | 7.85 ± 2.29* |
BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FINS, fasting plasma insulin; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin A1c; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NGT, normal glucose tolerance; PDM, prediabetes; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio. Data are means ± SD or median (interquartile range).
*P < 0.05 for patients with type 2 diabetes versus normal glucose tolerant group.
# P < 0.05 obesity of prediabetes group versus normal glucose tolerant group.