Table 3.
Characteristics of the workforce and working conditions in Taiwan and Japan before and after implementation of new criteria for overwork-related cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, by industry sector.
| Characteristics | Taiwan | Japan | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before* | After† | Before* | After† | |||||
| Number of employees | Mean (thousand) | % | Mean (thousand) | % | Mean (thousand) | % | Mean (thousand) | % |
| Total | 6828.20 | 100.00 | 7529.80 | 100.00 | 42551.00 | 100.00 | 42004.80 | 100.00 |
| Manufacturing | 2553.60 | 37.40 | 2737.80 | 36.36 | 10259.00 | 24.11 | 8920.00 | 21.24 |
| Construction | 686.60 | 10.06 | 726.80 | 9.65 | 4124.60 | 9.69 | 3364.00 | 8.01 |
| Transportation, information, arts | 572.60 | 8.39 | 632.80 | 8.40 | 3473.40 | 8.16 | 3686.40 | 8.78 |
| Trade, accommodation, food | 1377.40 | 20.17 | 1580.60 | 20.99 | 9999.60 | 23.50 | 11334.20 | 26.98 |
| Financial, insurance, health | 730.40 | 10.70 | 812.60 | 10.79 | 1643.40 | 3.86 | 3179.00 | 7.57 |
| Other | 907.60 | 13.29 | 1039.20 | 13.80 | 13051.00 | 30.67 | 11521.20 | 27.43 |
| Working hours per month | Mean (hour) | SD ‡ | Mean (hour) | SD ‡ | Mean (hour) | SD ‡ | Mean (hour) | SD ‡ |
| Total | 178.19 | 8.58 | 176.71 | 9.71 | 157.47 | 8.79 | 156.41 | 12.22 |
| Manufacturing | 185.50 | 3.90 | 183.90 | 1.29 | 162.92 | 1.46 | 165.02 | 1.62 |
| Construction | 176.68 | 1.17 | 175.86 | 2.47 | 169.04 | 1.19 | 170.72 | 1.13 |
| Transportation, information, arts | 177.50 | 0.52 | 175.20 | 1.33 | 169.60 | 0.63 | 171.52 | 1.56 |
| Trade, accommodation, food | 173.96 | 0.81 | 171.56 | 1.20 | 143.48 | 3.67 | 134.99 | 1.44 |
| Financial, insurance, health | 171.30 | 0.46 | 169.12 | 1.36 | 150.32 | 0.68 | 147.61 | 2.84 |
| Other | 184.18 | 1.72 | 184.59 | 2.06 | 149.46 | 1.16 | 148.58 | 1.73 |
| Salary per month | Mean (US dollar) § | SD ‡ | Mean (US dollar) § | SD ‡ | Mean (US dollar) § | SD ‡ | Mean (US dollar) § | SD ‡ |
| Total | 1477.44 | 319.25 | 1588.63 | 353.10 | 3139.83 | 556.43 | 3091.98 | 560.99 |
| Manufacturing | 1346.51 | 76.50 | 1439.44 | 20.65 | 3039.30 | 224.90 | 3252.47 | 247.61 |
| Construction | 1298.01 | 25.66 | 1387.10 | 51.84 | 3104.08 | 250.46 | 3102.06 | 206.01 |
| Transportation, information, arts | 1551.56 | 73.29 | 1748.34 | 65.75 | 3258.13 | 222.09 | 3293.11 | 243.74 |
| Trade, accommodation, food | 1084.05 | 71.34 | 1279.22 | 24.61 | 2295.26 | 133.72 | 2107.68 | 82.26 |
| Financial, insurance, health | 2068.09 | 77.19 | 2289.07 | 34.83 | 4035.78 | 301.65 | 3784.40 | 537.26 |
| Other | 1516.39 | 126.64 | 1388.57 | 35.10 | 3106.41 | 212.29 | 3012.12 | 169.67 |
| Unemployment rate | Mean (%) | SD ‡ | Mean (%) | SD ‡ | Mean (%) | SD ‡ | Mean (%) | SD ‡ |
| Total | 4.13 | 1.58 | 3.49 | 0.83 | 2.06 | 0.35 | 2.08 | 0.41 |
| Manufacturing | 4.14 | 1.03 | 3.25 | 0.24 | 1.49 | 0.05 | 1.43 | 0.11 |
| Construction | 6.27 | 2.40 | 4.82 | 0.54 | 2.15 | 0.09 | 1.94 | 0.20 |
| Transportation, information, arts | 4.18 | 0.76 | 3.46 | 0.25 | 1.89 | 0.09 | 1.82 | 0.07 |
| Trade, accommodation, food | 3.90 | 0.64 | 3.57 | 0.21 | 2.62 | 0.11 | 2.89 | 0.06 |
| Financial, insurance, health | 2.49 | 0.44 | 2.21 | 0.35 | 2.16 | 0.08 | 2.13 | 0.16 |
| Other | 3.81 | 0.89 | 3.64 | 0.23 | 2.05 | 0.06 | 2.26 | 0.09 |