Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2017 Mar 3;7:60. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-00127-6

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2017

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

PMC Copyright notice

Example trials of main task. Each trial started with a view of the selected dog sleeping in the road; participants could squeeze a grip, producing a number of musical notes on the screen proportional to the strength of the squeeze grip (representing the strength of a dog whistle to wake the dog). (a) If insufficient force was exerted, the dog was killed by an oncoming car in 80% of high danger trials and 20% of low danger trials. (b) If insufficient force was exerted, the car swerved and the dog survived in 20% of high danger trials and 80% of low danger trials. (c) If the participant exerted a sustained force (calibrated to their individual grip strength), the trial resulted in the dog being saved. Less effort resulted in proportionally smaller probability of saving the dog. The car was assumed to come from behind the dog on the same side of the road (i.e., originating from beyond the bend in the lower left hand corner of Fig. 2a–c). All participants were UK residents, and were therefore familiar with cars driving on the left side of the road. The following images are reproduced under the terms of a Creative Commons 2.0 generic license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode) and have been adapted from its original form (Original Author: Drew Avery; title: Annual Dog Sled Race). The links to the original images are: https://www.flickr.com/photos/33590535@N06/5391571793/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/33590535@N06/5391571785/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/33590535@N06/5392045246/in/photostream/. The following image is reproduced under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode) and has been adapted from its original form (Original Author Kim Hansen; title: Recently shot Greenland dog upernavik). The link to the original image is: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Recently_shot_Greenland_dog_upernavik_2007-07-02_edited.jpg. The following image is reproduced under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode) and has been adapted from its original form (Original Author: Sebastian Hartlaub; title: Dog ultrasound whistle). The link to the original image is: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hundepfeife05.JPG. The following image was reproduced under the terms of a Freeimages Content License (Author: http://www.freeimages.com/photographer/jakubson-56068). The link to the original image is: http://www.freeimages.com/photo/double-curves-1448529. The musical note is a Unicode Character, ‘Eighth Note’ (U + 266 A) (The Unicode Standard, Version 1.1.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 1993).