Table 2.
Characteristics of patients with Staphylocococus aureus infection from Africa and Germany.
| Total | Africa (n = 300) | Germany (n = 300) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age in years (range) | 29 (0–98) | 3 (0–71) | 53 (0–98) | <0.001 | |
| Male gender, n (%) | 348 (58%) | 160 (53%) | 188 (63%) | ns | |
| History of hospital admission 6 months until 4 weeks prior to sampling, n (%)a | 157 (26%) | 29 (10%) | 128 (43%) | <0.001 | |
| Healthcare contact last 4 weeks, n (%)a | 129 (22%) | 36 (12%) | 93 (31%) | <0.001 | |
| Continuous residency in a nursing home before sampling, n (%) | 4 (<1%) | 2 (<1%) | 2 (<1%) | ns | |
| Antibiotic treatment in the last 4 weeks, n (%)a | 133 (22%) | 55 (18%) | 78 (26%) | ns | |
| Tuberculosis in the last 6 months, n (%)a | 4 (<1%) | 4 (1%) | 0 | ns | |
| Antituberculous drugs in the last 4 weeks, n (%)a | 1 (<1%) | 1 (<1%) | 0 | ns | |
| Risk factors for staphylococcal disease | History of intravenous drug abuse, n (%) | 7 (1%) | 0 | 7 (2%) | ns |
| Intravenous catheter in place, n (%) | 23 (4%) | 0 | 23 (8%) | <0.001 | |
| Other intravascular device in place, n (%) | 28 (5%) | 0 | 28 (9%) | <0.001 | |
| Non-vascular foreign body/device in place, n (%) | 73 (12%) | 3 (1%) | 70 (23%) | <0.001 | |
| Known HIV infection, n (%) | 26 (4%) | 26 (9%) | 0 | <0.001 | |
| Charlson comorbidity score, median (range) | 0 (0–12) | 0 (0–0) | 1 (0–12) | ns | |
| Severity of chronic underlying disorder(s) (McCabe & Jackson classification) | Rapidly fatal underlying disease, n (%) | 30 (5%) | 19 (6%) | 11 (4%) | ns |
| Ultimately fatal disease [<5 years], n (%) | 58 (10%) | 17 (6%) | 41 (14%) | ns | |
| Non-fatal underlying disease, n (%) | 132 (22%) | 22 (7%) | 110 (37%) | <0.001 | |
| Type of infection | Bloodstream infection, n (%) | 79 (13%) | 29 (10%) | 50 (17%) | ns |
| Non-bacteremic infection, n (%) | 521 (87%) | 271 (90%) | 250 (83%) | ns | |
| Acute clinical presentation | Severe sepsis, n (%) | 38 (6%) | 18 (6%) | 20 (7%) | ns |
| Septic shock, n (%) | 7 (1%) | 2 (<1%) | 5 (2%) | ns | |
| Clinical site(s) of infection | Bloodstream infection, n (%) | 79 (13%) | 29 (10%) | 50 (17%) | 0.02 |
| Superficial skin infection, n (%) | 348 (58%) | 191 (64%) | 157 (52%) | ns | |
| Deep skin abscess, n (%) | 121 (20%) | 82 (27%) | 39 (13%) | 0.002 | |
| Bone, n (%) | 22 (4%) | 0 | 22 (7%) | <0.001 | |
| Joint, n (%) | 20 (3%) | 3 (1%) | 17 (6%) | ns | |
| Muscle, n (%) | 11 (2%) | 4 (1%) | 7 (2%) | ns | |
| Fascia, n (%) | 2 (<1%) | 1 (<1%) | 1 (<1%) | ns | |
| Respiratory tract, n (%) | 25 (4%) | 6 (2%) | 19 (6%) | ns | |
| Heart, n (%) | 5 (1%) | 0 | 5 (2%) | ns | |
| Central nervous system, n (%) | 1 (<1%) | 1 (<1%) | 0 | ns | |
| Urinary tract, n (%) | 7 (1%) | 0 | 7 (2%) | ns | |
| Other, n (%) | 87 (15%) | 20 (7%) | 67 (22%) | <0.001 |
aData were reported as recalled by the participant. If possible, patient’s healthcare files or demographic surveillance systems (i.e. Mozambique) were used to confirm these data.