Table 5.
Antibacterial susceptibility pattern of different LAB strains, reference probiotics and pathogens against commercial antibiotics
| S. no. | Antibiotics | Lactobacillus sp. | Non-probiotic | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis | L. rhamnosus | L. plantarum | L. brevis | L. helveticus | L. fermentum | Lactococcus lactis | Lactococcus cremoris | ||
| 1 | Ampicillin | S | S | S | 19 ± 0 | 18.3 ± 0.57 | S | S | S |
| 2 | Imipenem | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
| 3 | Meropenem | 18.3 ± 0.57 | R | S | 16.3 ± 0.57 | 16 ± 1 | S | S | S |
| 4 | Methicillin | R | R | 17.3 ± 0.57 | R | R | R | R | R |
| 5 | Oxacillin | R | R | 19.3 ± 0.57 | R | R | 19 ± 0 | R | R |
| 6 | Penicillin | 18.3 ± 0.57 | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
| 7 | Cefuroxime | 17.3 ± 0.57 | S | S | 19.3 ± 0.57 | S | S | S | S |
| 8 | Cefoxitin | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| 9 | Ceftazidime | 15.3 ± 0.57 | R | 17.3 ± 0.57 | R | 16.3 ± 0.57 | 18 ± 0 | 17.3 ± 0.57 | 17.6 ± 0.57 |
| 10 | Cefotaxime | 18 ± 1 | S | S | S | 17.3 ± 0.57 | S | S | S |
| 11 | Teicoplanin | R | R | R | R | R | 16.3 ± 0.57 | R | R |
| 12 | Vancomycin | R | R | R | R | R | 15.6 ± 0.57 | R | R |
| 13 | Ciprofloxacin | R | R | 18.3 ± 0.57 | R | R | S | R | R |
| 14 | Ofloxacin | R | R | 16.3 ± 0.57 | R | R | R | R | R |
| 15 | Gentamicin | R | 15.3 ± 0.57 | 16.6 ± 0.57 | R | R | S | 15 ± 1 | 16.6 ± 1.52 |
| 16 | Streptomycin | R | R | 15.3 ± 0.57 | R | R | R | R | R |
| 17 | Tobramycin | R | R | R | R | R | 16.3 ± 0.57 | R | R |
| 18 | Chloramphenicol | S | S | S | S | 19 ± 1 | S | S | S |
| 19 | Clindamycin | S | S | 19 ± 0 | S | S | S | R | R |
| 20 | Erythromycin | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
| 21 | Fusidic acid | 19 ± 0 | 16.6 ± 1.52 | R | 17.3 ± 0.57 | 17.6 ± 0.57 | S | 19 ± 1 | 19.3 ± 0.57 |
| 22 | Nitrofurantoin | R | 18.6 ± 0.57 | S | R | S | S | S | S |
| 23 | Tetracycline | S | 16.3 ± 0.57 | S | 16.6 ± 0.57 | 15.3 ± 0.57 | S | S | S |
| 24 | Tigecycline | S | S | 19.0 ± 0.57 | 18.6 ± 0.57 | 16.3 ± 0.57 | S | S | S |
| 25 | Co-Trimoxazole | R | R | R | R | R | R | S | S |
| 26 | Trimethoprim | R | R | R | R | R | R | S | S |
| S. no. | Antibiotics | Reference probiotic | Pathogens | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L. rhamnosus GG | L. casei | Bacillus cereus | Listeria monocytogenes | Staphylococcus aureus | Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi | Escherichia coli | Shigella flexneri | ||
| 1 | Ampicillin | S | S | S | S | S | 19.3 ± 0.57 | 19.6 ± 0.57 | S |
| 2 | Imipenem | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
| 3 | Meropenem | S | S | R | S | S | S | S | S |
| 4 | Methicillin | R | R | R | S | S | R | R | R |
| 5 | Oxacillin | R | R | 19.3 ± 0.57 | S | S | R | R | R |
| 6 | Penicillin | S | S | S | S | S | 17.6 ± 0.57 | R | 17.3 ± 0.57 |
| 7 | Cefuroxime | S | 19 ± 1 | R | S | S | S | 17.6 ± 0.57 | S |
| 8 | Cefoxitin | R | R | S | S | R | S | 15.3 ± 0.57 | 17.6 ± 0.57 |
| 9 | Ceftazidime | R | S | R | S | R | 15.3 ± 0.57 | 18.6 ± 0.57 | S |
| 10 | Cefotaxime | S | S | R | S | S | S | S | S |
| 11 | Teicoplanin | R | 16 ± 1 | 19 ± 0 | 16.3 ± 0.57 | 16.6 ± 0.57 | R | R | R |
| 12 | Vancomycin | R | R | 17.3 ± 0.57 | 18.6 ± 0.57 | 17.3 ± 0.57 | R | R | R |
| 13 | Ciprofloxacin | 16.3 ± 0.57 | R | S | S | S | S | S | S |
| 14 | Ofloxacin | R | 16.6 ± 0.57 | S | S | S | S | S | S |
| 15 | Gentamicin | S | S | S | S | 19.3 ± 0.57 | 18 ± 1 | S | S |
| 16 | Streptomycin | S | 15.6 ± 0.57 | S | 16.3 ± 0.57 | S | S | 19 ± 0 | S |
| 17 | Tobramycin | R | R | S | S | 19 ± 0 | S | 18.6 ± 0.57 | S |
| 18 | Chloramphenicol | 19 ± 0 | 16.3 ± 0.57 | S | S | S | S | S | S |
| 19 | Clindamycin | S | 15.6 ± 0.57 | 16.6 ± 0.57 | S | S | R | 17.3 ± 0.57 | R |
| 20 | Erythromycin | S | S | S | S | 17.3 ± 0.57 | 18.6 ± 0.57 | 18.3 ± 0.57 | S |
| 21 | Fusidic acid | R | R | S | S | S | R | R | R |
| 22 | Nitrofurantoin | S | 19 ± 0 | 17.3 ± 0.57 | S | R | S | R | S |
| 23 | Tetracycline | S | 16.3 ± 0.57 | S | S | S | S | S | S |
| 24 | Tigecycline | S | 15.6 ± 0.57 | S | S | S | S | S | S |
| 25 | Co-Trimoxazole | R | 17.6 ± 0.57 | S | S | S | S | S | S |
| 26 | Trimethoprim | R | R | S | S | R | S | S | S |