. 2017 Apr 27;7(1):76. doi: 10.1007/s13205-017-0706-9

Table 3.

Antioxidant activities estimated by DPPH^•, reducing ability, and β-carotene–linoleic acid assays for selected plant extracts

Samples	Antioxidant assays	Antioxidant activities (μmol Trolox/g)
Samples	Antioxidant assays	MAE	UAE	SE	MC
R. cordifolia	DPPH	198.2 ± 2.33^a	185.7 ± 1.22^c	162.5 ± 1.10^a	120.3 ± 2.10^b
	Reducing ability	142.3 ± 1.45^d	138.6 ± 2.10^b	113.8 ± 1.65^c	98.9 ± 1.06^a
	β-Carotene–linoleic acid	70.4 ± 1.64^c	63.6 ± 1.98^b	56.9 ± 1.24^d	50.9 ± 1.36^a
R. serpentina	DPPH	98.3 ± 1.02^a	91.8 ± 1.32^a	88.5 ± 1.88^b	81.7 ± 1.65^c
	Reducing ability	84.6 ± 1.84^b	79.8 ± 1.63^c	71.6 ± 1.02^d	65.9 ± 0.98^a
	β-Carotene–linoleic acid	56.8 ± 1.31^d	50.7 ± 1.42^b	46.9 ± 0.99^c	40.8 ± 1.03^a
O. vulgare	DPPH	210.8 ± 2.36^b	201.6 ± 2.01^d	182.4 ± 1.65^a	150.2 ± 1.39^c
	Reducing ability	165.3 ± 1.91^a	152.6 ± 2.13^b	140.8 ± 1.08^c	126.3 ± 1.44^b
	β-Carotene–linoleic acid	92.2 ± 2.11^b	81.9 ± 3.01^c	75.4 ± 1.24^a	66.8 ± 0.94^d
H. officinalis	DPPH	296.5 ± 3.12^b	285.6 ± 2.14^a	226.8 ± 2.56^d	206.8 ± 2.64^c
	Reducing ability	190.5 ± 1.99^d	185.6 ± 2.01^b	170.8 ± 1.55^c	161.3 ± 1.39^a
	β-Carotene–linoleic acid	105.6 ± 2.10^b	90.6 ± 1.34^d	84.7 ± 1.12^a	76.2 ± 1.04^d
C. intybus	DPPH	92.6 ± 1.31^a	85.1 ± 1.58	74.9 ± 1.76^d	62.8 ± 1.33^b
	Reducing ability	75.4 ± 1.44	70.6 ± 1.79	65.9 ± 1.34^c	60.7 ± 1.69
	β-Carotene–linoleic acid	50.1 ± 1.77^c	42.5 ± 1.09^d	37.2 ± 0.88^a	31.9 ± 0.97^b
M. sylvestris	DPPH	150.3 ± 1.67^b	145.7 ± 1.31^b	136.5 ± 1.01^c	125.1 ± 1.07^d
	Reducing ability	110.6 ± 1.79^d	100.2 ± 1.51^a	95.8 ± 1.23^b	88.7 ± 1.33^c
	β-Carotene–linoleic acid	75.2 ± 2.01^b	70.6 ± 1.65^c	67.4 ± 1.02^c	60.3 ± 0.95^d
P. oleracea	DPPH	255.3 ± 2.34^a	250.8 ± 2.21^b	215.3 ± 3.01^a	188.1 ± 1.81^d
	Reducing ability	175.8 ± 1.14^b	168.2 ± 1.33^a	150.6 ± 1.41^d	138.5 ± 1.31^c
	β-Carotene–linoleic acid	100.1 ± 1.77^a	95.6 ± 1.61^c	84.2 ± 1.39^d	75.6 ± 1.50^b
A. indica	DPPH	110.3 ± 1.91^b	100.5 ± 1.36^d	89.6 ± 0.86^b	80.7 ± 0.97^a
	Reducing ability	87.2 ± 1.34^d	81.6 ± 1.16^c	74.8 ± 1.19^c	65.8 ± 1.30^b
	β-Carotene–linoleic acid	65.3 ± 1.70^a	56.8 ± 1.64^d	50.6 ± 0.92^b	44.1 ± 0.97^c
A. aspera	DPPH	87.1 ± 1.31^c	84.5 ± 1.20^b	73.9 ± 1.60^a	65.8 ± 1.71^d
	Reducing ability	65.5 ± 1.77^b	60.9 ± 1.09^a	55.7 ± 0.96^c	50.2 ± 0.91^a
	β-Carotene–linoleic acid	45.8 ± 0.89^c	40.9 ± 0.94^b	35.6 ± 0.87^d	30.1 ± 0.99^a
S. racemosa	DPPH	122.5 ± 1.23^b	118.9 ± 1.50^c	102.7 ± 1.33^a	90.6 ± 1.71^d
	Reducing ability	99.1 ± 1.11^d	90.5 ± 1.01^a	84.6 ± 1.84^c	71.2 ± 1.03^b
	β-Carotene–linoleic acid	60.3 ± 1.03^a	57.9 ± 0.91^b	48.4 ± 0.85^d	40.5 ± 0.99^c

Values are mean ± SD (n = 3). Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), soxhlet extraction (SE), and maceration (MC) extracts, Different letter indicates significant differences (p < 0.05) among treatments for the same herb sample