Figure 3.

Framework for discovery. Life‐course developmental perspective and an open search space for unique combinations of genetic and environmental factors (including gene‐gene, gene‐environment, and environment‐environment interactions) are core elements that will enhance the potential for discovery in etiological research. Genetic and environmental data reduction – polygenic sensitivity scores, polygenic risk scores, genetic pathway scores, poly‐environmental scores (E‐scores) – may be a necessary intermediate step towards the discovery of broad poly‐gene‐environmental causal mechanisms, but the reduction process should be reversible to enable fine mapping of specific molecular and behavioral mechanisms.