Table 1.

Cross‐sectional studies: characteristics of included studies and samples

Study	Country	No. cases	No. controls	Period of data collection	SMI definition	Inclusion criteria for cases	No. covariates
Beyer et al22	USA	1,379	‐	2001‐2002	Medical records	Bipolar disorder	‐
Bresee et al23	Canada	28,775	2,281,636	1995‐2006	ICD‐9,10	Schizophrenia	4
Bresee et al24	Canada	399	120,044	2005	Medical records	Schizophrenia	11
Chen et al25	Taiwan	80	‐	2015	DSM‐IV	Bipolar disorder, >60 years	‐
Curkendall et al26	Canada	3,022	12,088	1994‐1999	ICD‐9	Schizophrenia	7
Devantier et al27	Denmark	28	27	2009‐2011	ICD‐10	Major depressive disorder, late onset	‐
Hagg et al28	Sweden	269	‐	2000‐2003	DSM‐IV	Schizophrenia, 20‐69 years	‐
Herbst et al29	USA	10,573 total population		2001‐2002	DSM‐IV	Major depressive disorder, >60 years	11
Huang et al30	Taiwan	117,987	21,356,304	2000‐2003	ICD‐9	Bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder	1
Hyde et al31	Australia	355	‐	2008‐2012	Medical records	Severe mental illness, prescribed clozapine	‐
Kilbourne et al32	USA	8,083	‐	2001	ICD‐9	Severe mental illness, >60 years	‐
Kilbourne et al33	USA	9,705	5,353	2000‐2001	ICD‐9	Bipolar disorder or severe mental illness, male	3
Lindegard34	Sweden	368	87,176	1966‐1979	ICD‐9, DSM‐III	Major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder	‐
Maina et al35	Italy	185	‐	2006‐2008	DSM‐IV	Severe mental illness	‐
Morden et al36	Canada	65,362	65,362	2000‐2007	ICD‐9	Schizophrenia	4
Munoli et al37	India	120	‐	2011	ICD‐10	Bipolar disorder	‐
Nielsen et al38	Denmark	937	‐	1969‐2014	ICD‐10	Schizophrenia	‐
Niranjan et al39	USA	5,695	34,979	2007	DSM‐IV	Major depressive disorder	6
Oreski et al40	Croatia	289	192	2011	ICD‐10	Bipolar disorder or schizophrenia	‐
Prieto et al41	USA	988	‐	2009‐2013	DSM‐IV	Severe mental illness	‐
Scherrer et al42	USA	628	6,903	1990‐1992	DSM‐III	Major depressive disorder, male twins	‐
Scott et al43	Multicenter	52,095 total population		2001‐2011	DSM‐IV	Bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder	6
Shen et al44	Taiwan	203	2,036	2005‐2007	ICD‐9	Schizophrenia, in intensive care unit	6
Smith et al45	UK	9,677	1,414,701	2007	Medical records	Schizophrenia	3
Smith et al46	UK	2,582	1,421,796	2007	Medical records	Bipolar disorder	2
Swain et al47	Multicenter	45,288 total population		2001‐2011	DSM‐IV	Bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder	7
Zilkens et al48	Australia	656	349	2000‐2009	ICD‐8,9,10	Major depressive disorder, 65‐84 years, developing dementia	‐

SMI – severe mental illness