Table 1.
Demographic and laboratory characteristics of patients with T1D and controls.
| T1D | Controls | OR (CI) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 629 | N = 651 | |||
| Age (years) | 23 (14–33) | 25 (20–35) | <0.0001 | |
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 11 (6–16) | |||
| Years of disease | 11 (3–19) | |||
| Female (%) | 58.7 | 37.6 | 1.99 (1.48–2.67) | <0.0001 |
| European Ancestry (%) | 80.1 | 60.7 | 1.96 (1.42–2.72) | <0.0001 |
| Glycemia (mg/dL) | 163.0 (96–261) | 84.0 (77–90) | <0.0001 | |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.0 (7.0–9.6) | 5.4 (5.1–5.6) | <0.0001 | |
| ZnT8Ab titer IU/mL) | 14.0 (2.0–244.0) | 1.0 (0.0–3.0) | <0.0001 | |
| ZnT8A frequency (%) | 48.3 | 1.9 | 55.6 (29.7–104.1) | <0.0001 |
| GAD65A titer IU/mL) | 0.9 (0.2–7.2) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | <0.0001 | |
| GAD65A frequency (%) | 47.2 | 1.7 | 53.4 (28.9–98.6) | <0.0001 |
| IA-2A titer IU/mL) | 0.3 (0.1–2.9) | 0.0 (0.0–0.1) | <0.0001 | |
| IA-2A frequency (%) | 42.4 | 1.6 | 42.3 (22.9–78.4) | <0.0001 |
Data are presented as median and (inter-quartile range). HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin; ZnT8A = Zinc transporter-8 autoantibody; GAD65A = glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 autoantibody, IA-2A = tyrosine phosphatase autoantibody.