Figure 5.

Glycolytic gene expression is reduced by treating cells with lysosomal inhibitors. (A) Glycolytic gene expression is reduced by treating cells with lysosomal inhibitors. Quantitation of glycolytic gene expression in lysosomal inhibitors-treated Y1 cells (CQ: 50 μM; NH₄Cl: 20 mM; Baf: 10 nM). CTL: control; CQ: chloroquine; Baf: bafilomycin A1. (B-D) Pyruvate rescues cell growth in CQ (50 μM)-treated TM3 (B), MA-10 (C), and Y1 (D) cell lines. (E) Pyruvate promotes S phase entry in CQ (50 μM)-treated TM3 cells. (F) Pyruvate restores cyclin E1 expression and CDK2 activation. Whole cell extracts of Y1 cells treated with or without CQ (50 μM) in the presence or absence of pyruvate are analyzed by immunoblot with antibodies against cyclin E1, phosphorylated CDK2 at Thr160 (pCDK2) and γ-tubulin. n.s.: no significance; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.