Table 2.
Composition of mosquito, sand fly and biting midge species assemblages in the Gabonese caves under study.
| Species | KESS | Number of specimens | Dominance index d | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DJIB | FAUC | ZAD | SIY | ITSO | KESS | DJIB | FAUC | ZAD | SIY | ITSO | ||
| Culicidae | ||||||||||||
| Ur. nigromaculata | 1114 | 126 | 62 | 0 | 11 | 28 | 0.7397 | 0.09 | 0.0654 | 0 | 0.2156 | 0.0877 |
| Ur. cavernicola*† | 189 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 12 | 0.1254 | 0 | 0.001 | 0.25 | 0.1568 | 0.0376 |
| An. smithii s.l.**† | 110 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 272 | 0.0730 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3625 | 0.8526 |
| Cx. rima group | 65 | 244 | 886 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 0.0431 | 0.155 | 0.9336 | 0 | 0.11 | 0.019 |
| An. faini*† | 13 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0086 | 0.001 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ur. nigripes* | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0074 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| An. funestus | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0014 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cx. nebulosus | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0007 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cx. umbripes* | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0007 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cx. quasiguiarti* | 0 | 590 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0.376 | 0 | 0 | 0.0571 | 0 |
| Fi. uniformis* | 0 | 136 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.086 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ur. caliginosa* | 0 | 102 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.065 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ur. caeruleocephala* | 0 | 76 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.048 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ur. machadoi* | 0 | 75 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.047 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ur. bilineata* | 0 | 65 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.041 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cx. trifilatus | 0 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.035 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Lu. tigripes | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.017 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cx. watti* | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.004 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| An. theileri* | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.004 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ur. pallidocephala | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.004 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| An. marshallii | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.002 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ur. balfouri | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.002 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ur. chorleyi* | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.002 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Co. pseudoconopas* | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.002 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cx. andersoni* | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.002 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mi. plumosa | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.002 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Co. aurites | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.001 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Culex sp. | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.001 | 0 | 0.25 | 0 | 0 |
| An. jebudensis* | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.001 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| An. obscurus | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.001 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cx. zombaensis* | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.001 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Er. grahami* | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.001 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ca. argenteopunctata | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.001 | 0 | 0 | 0.0196 | 0 |
| Cx. cinerellus* | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0006 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Finlaya sp.* | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0006 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| An. nili | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0006 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Co. versicolor* | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0006 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cx. semibrunneus* | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0006 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cx. annulioris | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0006 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Co. microannulata* | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0006 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| An. natalensis* | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0006 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cx. simpsoni* | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0006 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Er. chrysogaster | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0006 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| An. schwetzi* | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0006 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ur. alboabdominalis* | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0006 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ps. kummi* | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0006 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cx. cinereus* | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0006 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Aedes sp. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.25 | 0 | 0 |
| Anopheles sp. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.25 | 0 | 0 |
| Cx. rubinotus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0392 | 0 |
| Ur. mashonaensis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0196 | 0 |
| Ae. simulans* | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0196 | 0.0031 |
| Phlebotominae | ||||||||||||
| Sl. gigas**† | 268 | 428 | 0 | 6 | 37 | 68 | 0.9675 | 0.4056 | 0 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 |
| Sa. emilii † | 4 | 352 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.0145 | 0.3336 | 0 | 0.0834 | 0 | 0 |
| Se. bedfordi group* | 2 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0072 | 0.0114 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ph. rodhaini* | 1 | 214 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0036 | 0.2029 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Se. ingrami* | 1 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0036 | 0.0437 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Se. dubia* | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0036 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Se. congolensis* | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.25 | 0 | 0 |
| Se. africana* | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0833 | 0 | 0 |
| Se. magna* | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0833 | 0 | 0 |
| Sa. moucheti † | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0009 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Se. balmicola* | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0019 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ceratopogonidae | ||||||||||||
| C. trifasciellus group* | 240 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.9917 | 0.1405 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Forcipomyia sp* | 2 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0083 | 0.2479 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| C. fulvithorax* | 0 | 65 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5372 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| C. milnei group* | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0662 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| C. distinctipennis* | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0082 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
KESS: Kessipoughou, DJIB: Djibilong, FAUC: Faucon, ZAD: Zadie, SIY: Siyou, ITSO: Itsoulou. Ur: Uranotaenia, An: Anopheles, Cx: Culex, Fi: Ficalbia, Lu: Lutzia, Co: Coquillettidia, Mi: Mimomyia, Er: Eretmapodites. Ca: Catageiomyia, Ps: Pseudoarmigeres, Ae: Aedes. Sl: Spelaeophlebotomus, Sa: Spelaeomyia, Se: Sergentomyia, Ph: Phlebotomus, C: Culicoides. *New records for Gabon; **species previously recorded in Gabonese caves; †Species previously known as “true cavernicolous”. The index d value of dominant species is marked in bold.