Table 3.
Adjusted Odds Ratios between Alcohol Use Disorders and Nicotine Dependence, and Mood and Anxiety Disorders by Country
| Comorbid Disorder |
Adjusteda Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Interval)b | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Alcohol Use Disorder | Alcohol Abuse | Alcohol Dependence | Nicotine Dependence | |||||
|
| ||||||||
| NESARC | KECA | NESARC | KECA | NESARC | KECA | NESARC | KECA | |
| Any mood disorder | 2.31[2.01–2.68]b | 4.35[1.45–13.00]b | 1.27[1.05–1.53]b | 3.45[0.81–14.74] | 3.31[2.73–4.00]b | 4.06[1.18–13.98]b | 2.75[2.47–3.06]b | 2.88[1.00–8.31] |
| Major Depression | 1.88[1.58–2.24]b | 3.63[1.07–12.24]b | 1.40[1.11–1.17]b | 4.14[0.90–19.07] | 2.22[1.75–2.82]b | 2.96[0.75–11.64] | 2.30[2.02–2.62]b | 3.01[0.94–9.63] |
| Dysthymia | 1.74[1.17–2.58]b | --- | 1.05[0.60–1.83] | --- | 2.38[1.45–3.91]b | --- | 2.34[1.84–3.00]b | 2.29[0.34–15.59] |
| Bipolar disorder | 2.71[2.22–3.31]b | 0.38[0.04–3.46] | 1.04[0.77–1.41] | 2.04[0.23–18.25] | 4.16[3.25–5.33]b | --- | 3.15[2.69–3.71]b | --- |
| Any Anxiety disorder | 2.01[1.76–2.30]b | 2.23[1.03–4.84]b | 1.23[1.03–1.46]b | 1.83[0.65–5.16] | 2.86[2.44–3.36]b | 2.32[0.89–5.97] | 2.61[2.35–2.90]b | 1.24[0.67–2.30] |
| Panic disorder | 2.66[2.10–3.38]b | --- | 1.16[0.79–1.69] | --- | 4.22[3.18–5.60]b | --- | 3.95[3.33–4.69]b | --- |
| Specific Phobia | 1.83[1.56–2.16]b | 1.87[0.86–4.09] | 1.24[0.99–1.56] | 1.76[0.64–4.86] | 2.40[1.99–2.90]b | 1.85[0.74–4.61] | 2.55[2.28–2.86]b | 1.19[0.57–2.46] |
| Social Phobia | 1.72[1.35–2.20]b | 1.09[0.39–3.05] | 1.02[0.72–1.44] | 0.88[0.08–9.71] | 2.42[1.78–3.29]b | 1.23[0.31–4.86] | 2.38[1.98–2.86]b | 1.04[0.23–4.61] |
| GAD | 2.23[1.71–2.90]b | 3.61[1.08–12.14]b | 1.05[0.69–1.60] | 0.61[0.11–3.46] | 3.46[2.55–4.71]b | 5.20[1.34–20.19]b | 3.03[2.45–3.74]b | 2.15[0.94–4.90] |
a
Adjusted for gender, age, marital status, employment status, education, urbanicity and income
b
Significant, p<0.05.
---OR was not estimable because prevalence was too low