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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Mol Med. 2017 Mar 31;23(5):379–380. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.03.006

Figure 1. Reducing Microbial Complexity to Decode Complex Signals.

Figure 1

Mono-colonization of mice with different symbiotic bacterial strains (shown in the left three panels) leads to high colonization densities that trigger distinct mucosal and systemic immune responses (indicated by the red, blue and purple arrows). In mice colonized with a complex microbiota (right panel), interactions between different bacterial species will lead to a composite signal (green arrow) that will provide a broader and more complex host response.