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. 2017 Mar 23;7:335. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-00444-w

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© The Author(s) 2017

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Footprint of the dust plume simulated by the HYSPLIT dispersion model ((a) detailed description of the simulation is shown in Method) during the dust-influencing period (on the left). The tracer particles were released from 500–1000 m above ground level at the observation site and dispersed for 5 days. The mass concentration of the particle (in mass/m³) ranged from 0 to 1000 m every 3 hours. The figures on the right show corresponding mass concentrations of water-soluble inorganic matter (SO₄ ²⁻: blue; NO₃ ⁻: red; NH₄ ⁺: green; and Ca²⁺: yellow) in total PM_2.5 (inner Pi-chart) and PM_2.5–10 (outer gray ring). The maps were drawn by the software Igor Pro, http://www.wavemetrics.com/.