Table 2.
Stratified meta-analyses of vegetables and fruits intake and all cause mortality in breast cancer cases.
Pre-diagnosis | Post-diagnosis | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | HR (95% CI) | Ph, I2 (%) | Pd | n | HR (95% CI) | Ph, I2 (%) | Pd | |
Vegetables intake | ||||||||
All | 4 | 0.96 (0.71–1.30) | 0.121, 48.6 | 3 | 1.08 (0.75–1.55) | 0.098, 56.9 | ||
Menopausal status | ||||||||
Pre-menopausal | 1 | 1.40 (0.71–2.76) | — | 0.408 | 0 | |||
Postmenopausal | 3 | 0.86 (0.59–1.25) | 0.092, 58.1 | 0 | ||||
Intake dose* | ||||||||
Low | 2 | 1.12 (0.85–1.48) | 0.676; 0 | 0.401 | 1 | 1.44 (0.91–2.27) | — | 0.438 |
High | 2 | 0.79 (0.43–1.45) | 0.053; 73.4 | 2 | 0.94 (0.65–1.36) | 0.184, 43.3 | ||
Adjustments | ||||||||
Clinical characteristics | 2 | 0.81 (0.43–1.53) | 0.029, 79.0 | 0.483 | 3 | 1.08 (0.75–1.55) | 0.098, 56.9 | — |
Treatment | 1 | 1.28 (0.64–2.55) | — | 0.560 | 2 | 1.31 (0.95–1.82) | 0.569, 0 | 0.286 |
BMI | 1 | 1.28 (0.64–2.55) | — | 0.560 | 2 | 1.05 (0.60–1.85) | 0.042, 75.7 | 0.852 |
Smoking | 1 | 1.28 (0.64–2.55) | — | 0.560 | 2 | 1.05 (0.60–1.85) | 0.042, 75.7 | 0.852 |
Physical activity | 0 | 1 | 1.44 (0.91–2.27) | — | 0.438 | |||
Fruits intake | ||||||||
All | 4 | 0.83 (0.67–1.02) | 0.685, 0 | 3 | 1.04 (0.77–1.42) | 0.186, 40.6 | ||
Menopausal status | ||||||||
Premenopausal | 1 | 1.10 (0.48–2.52) | — | 0.543 | 0 | |||
Postmenopausal | 3 | 0.80 (0.64–1.01) | 0.582, 0 | 0 | ||||
Intake dose* | 0.432 | |||||||
Low | 2 | 0.85 (0.64–1.14) | 0.826, 0 | 0.795 | 1 | 1.38 (0.88–2.17) | — | |
High | 2 | 0.79 (0.55–1.05) | 0.245, 26.2 | 2 | 0.94 (0.68–1.30) | 0.232, 29.9 | ||
Adjustments | ||||||||
Clinical characteristics | 2 | 0.77 (0.59–1.02) | 0.348, 0 | 0.517 | 3 | 1.04 (0.77–1.42) | 0.186, 40.6 | — |
Treatment | 1 | 0.91 (0.48–1.72) | — | 0.790 | 2 | 1.03 (0.57–1.84) | 0.068, 70.0 | 0.487 |
BMI | 1 | 0.91 (0.48–1.72) | — | 0.790 | 2 | 1.17 (0.90–1.53) | 0.372, 0 | 0.355 |
Smoking | 1 | 0.91 (0.48–1.72) | — | 0.790 | 2 | 1.17 (0.90–1.53) | 0.372, 0 | 0.355 |
Physical activity | 0 | 1 | 1.38 (0.88–2.17) | — | 0.432 |
*High, the highest level of vegetable/fruit intake: ≥3.1 servings/d; Low, the highest level of vegetable/fruit intake >1.8 servings/d.
Ph, P values for between-study heterogeneity; Pd, P values for the differences between subgroups.