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. 2017 Apr 4;7:640. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-00699-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Hypoglycemia selectively inhibits the K_ATP-expressing SCN neurones. (A) A representative dSCN neurone showing a negligible response to the application of hypoglycemic (0.5 mM glucose) solution for 90 min. K⁺-free (0-K⁺) solution was applied to evaluate the cell condition (see Results for details). Daytime recordings (ZT 8). (B) Firing responses of K_ATP-expressing (KATP+) cells to cyanide (B1,B2) and to 0.5 mM glucose solution (B3,B4). For this representative KATP+ cell, the addition of cyanide rapidly increased and then decreased the firing rate (B1), with tolbutamide (TB) having little effect on firing rate in control (Ctrl) but greatly increasing it during cyanide inhibition (B1,B3). Daytime recordings (ZT 7). Statistics showing that cyanide (CN, B2) or hypoglycemia (0.5 G, B4) inhibits KATP + cells by opening tolbutamide-sensitive K_ATP channels (TB/CN, B2; TB/G, B4). Baseline spontaneous firing rate in KATP + cells: 3.2 ± 0.4 Hz (n = 11). (C) Firing responses of KATP– cells to cyanide (C1,C2) and to 0.5 mM glucose solution (C3,C4). For this representative KATP– cell, the addition of cyanide rapidly increased but then slowly decreased the firing rate (C1), with tolbutamide (TB) having little effect on firing rate in control and during cyanide inhibition (C1,C3). Nighttime recordings (ZT 14). Statistics showing that cyanide inhibits KATP– cells by mechanisms other than opening tolbutamide-sensitive K_ATP channels (C2) and that hypoglycemia (0.5 G) had no effect on KATP– cells for up to 1 hr (C4). Baseline spontaneous firing rate in KATP– cells: 3.6 ± 0.2 Hz (n = 9). **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.