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. 2017 Apr 3;7:538. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-00602-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

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Simulated microgravity induces EMT in keratinocytes. HaCaT cells were exposed to μg or kept at 1g for 24 hours. (a) Western blot analysis shows, in μg cells, a reduction of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and an increase of fascin and of the mesenchymal markers α-SMA and vimentin as well as of the EMT-related transcription factor Snail1. The equal loading was assessed using anti-β actin antibody. For the densitometric analysis, the values were normalized, expressed as fold increase and reported in graph as mean value ± SD (n = 3). (b) RT-PCR in cells treated as above shows that the mRNA transcript levels of Snail1, Snail2 and ZEB2 and N-cadherin are increased in simulated microgravity-treated cells compared to controls. Results are expressed as mean value ± SD (n = 3). Student’s t test was performed and significance levels have been defined as follows: *p < 0.05 vs 1 g cells; **p < 0.001 vs 1g cells.