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. 2017 Apr 3;7:538. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-00602-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Simulated microgravity exposure modulates the expression and the enzymatic activity of metalloproteases. HaCaT cells were kept at 1 g or exposed to simulated microgravity for 24 hours (a, b) or 60 hours (a). (a) In cells exposed to μg for 24 hours, RT-PCR shows an increase for MMP1, MMP2 and MMP9, but a decrease for MMP3 mRNA transcript levels; after 60 hours of μg exposure, all the MMPs are increased if compared to 1g. Results are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). (b) The images of the Gelatin zymography analysis are cropped and show that the enzymatic activity of MMP9, but no that of MMP2, is increased in μg cells compared to controls. Results are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). Student’s t test was performed and significance levels have been defined as follows: *p < 0.05 vs 1g cells; **p < 0.001 vs 1g cells.