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. 2017 May 12;12(5):e0177321. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177321

Table 5. Summary of the measurement properties of instruments.

Instrument Authors/Year Internal consistency Reliability Measurement error Content validity Structural validity Hypothesis testing Cross-cultural validity Criterion validity Responsiveness
As a comprehensive construct
Self-administered rating
Professionalism in Nursing Inventory Miller/ 1993 [42] + + +
Arnold scale (14-items) Arnold / 1998 [43] + + ?
Arnold scale (12-items) DeLisa/ 2001 [44] + +
Arnold scale (17-items) Aramesh/ 2009 [45] + + ?
PSCOM Professionalism Questionnaire Blackall/ 2007 [46] + + ?
Akhund/ 2014 [47] + -
Bustamante/ 2014 [48] + + -
Tsai ABIM questionnaire Tsai/ 2007 [49] + +
Nhan/ 2014 [50] + + ?
Blue’s Multiple instruments Blue/ 2009 [51] - ?
PSIQ Crossley/ 2009 [52] ?
Hisar’s instrument for nursing students Hisar/ 2010 [53] + + ? +
Jiang’s knowledge instrument Jiang/ 2010 [54] + -
LAMPS Eraky/ 2013 [55] +
Wittich Reflection instrument Wittich/ 2013 [56] + ?
The new PAS Ketis/ 2014 [57] + ? -
DUQuE professionalism instrument Lombarts/ 2014 [58] ? ? +
Simulation
ECFMG-CSA Zanten/ 2005 [59] + -
p-OSCE Yang/ 2013 [60] +
Multi Source Feedback
GMC patient and colleague questionnaires Campbell/ 2008 [39] + +
p-360°evaluation Yang/ 2013 [60] +
Direct observation
UMDSPAI Gauger/ 2005 [61] +
P-MEX Cruess/ 2006 [62] + ?
Tsugawa/ 2009 [63] ? +
Tsugawa / 2011 [64] ? + ?
EPRO-GP instrument Camp/ 2006 [38] +
Adaptation of AACS fro foreigner Tromp/ 2007 [65] +
Nijmegen Professionalism Scale Tromp/ 2010 [66] + +
p-mini-CEX Yang/ 2013 [60] +
Peer assessment
Cottrell’s peer assessment Cottrell/ 2006 [67] +
Patients’ opinion
Chandratilake’s general public scale Chandratilake/ 2010 [68] + ?
Role model evaluation
Ephgrave’s Assessment Ephgrave/ 2006 [69] + +
Arnold’s scale-environment version Quaintance/ 2008 [70] + +
LEP survey Thrush/ 2011 [71] + +
PACT Young/ 2014 [72] + +
Professionalism environment
PEFWQ Baumann/ 2009 [73] + - + +
Gillespie’s scale Gillespie/ 2009 [74] + ? +
As one facet of competence
Self-administered rating
Hotjat’s Jefferson competency scale Hojat/ 2007 [75] + + +
ABIM Patient Assessment Symons/ 2009 [76] + +
NPVS-R Weis/ 2009 [77] + +
Lin/ 2010 [78] + + +
VPPVS Sang/ 2015 [79] + ?
NPRCS Lin/ 2015 [80] + +
Multi Source Feedback
Musick 360-degree instrument Musick/ 2003 [81] +
Wood’s 360-degree evaluation Wood/ 2004 [82] +
CPSA-PAR MSF for anesthesiologists Lockyer/ 2006 [83] + +
CPSA-PAR MSF for emergency physicians Lockyer/ 2006 [84] + +
CPSA-PAR MSF for pediatricians Violato/ 2006 [85] + +
CPSA-PAR MSF for international doctors Lockyer/ 2006 [86] + +
CPSA-PAR MSF for Psychiatrists Violato/ 2008 [87] + +
CPSA-PAR MSF for physicians Violato/ 2008 [88] + +
CPSA-PAR MSF for P&LMP Lockyer/ 2009 [89] + +
CPSA-PAR MSF for Middle eastern interns Ansari/ 2015 [90] + ? +
End-of-rotation evaluations Park/ 2014 [91] +
EOS group 360-degree instrument Qu/ 2010 [92] + + ?
Qu/ 2012 [93] + +
Zhao/ 2013 [94] + +
Senol’s Turkish 360-degree assessment Senol/ 2009 [95] + ?
Overeem’s MSF instruments Overeem/ 2011 [96] + + + ?
Direct observation
ACGME-TRF Brasel/ 2004 [97] + ? ?
Global rating form for ACGME competencies Silber/ 2004 [98] + +
OCEX Golnik/ 2004 [100] ?
Golnik/ 2005 [101] -
ACGME general competencies Reisdorff/ 2004 [99] ?
Durning’s Supervisor’s evaluation form During/ 2005 [102] + +
Durning’s Supervisor’s evaluation form-PGY3 Artino/ 2015 [103] + +
Karayurt nursing students’ performance Karayurt/ 2009 [104] + +
COMPASS Tromp/ 2012 [105] + ?
Handoff CEX Horwitz/ 2013 [106] - +
Horwitz/ 2013 [107] + -
ITER Kassam/ 2014 [108] + + +
Dong’s Graduates Form Dong/ 2015 [109] + +
Simulation
SDOT Shayne/ 2006 [110] +
Jefferies’s OSCE of CanMEDS Roles Jefferies/ 2007 [111] + +
Ponton-Carss Checklist of OSPRE Carss/ 2011 [112] - ? +
RO&CA Musick/ 2010 [113] + ? +
ACGME competency checklist of OSCE Yang/ 2011 [114] + ?
CanMEDS OSCE Dwyer/ 2014 [115] + +
Role Model evaluation
Smith instrument Smith/ 2004 [110] + ?? ? ? +
Faculty Supervision Evaluation Filho/ 2008 [116] + ? +
Colletti evaluation of clinical educators Colletti/ 2010 [117] - +
PFCI Deemer/ 2011 [118] + +
Professionalism environment
MSSAPS Liao/ 2014 [119] + + -