Figure 2.

Study procedure: In the Black individuation and White exposure condition, children learned to associate four individual Black faces with four individual numbers, but touched the number 0 when seeing White faces. In the White individuation and Black exposure condition, children learned to associate four individual White faces with four individual numbers, but touched the number 0 when seeing Black faces. We have included a black bar on each face to conceal the identities of the individuals whose faces were used as stimuli. In the actual training and testing, however, each face was presented without a black bar.