Table 2.

Pharmacokinetics of tea flavanols and their plasma metabolites in humans

	Ingested dose	Detected compound	Cmax	Tmax (h)	References
GT	EGCG 63–328.5 mg	EGCG	55–711 nM	1.3–2.7	http://phenol‐explorer.eu/, Williamson et al., 2011; Clifford et al., 2013; Del Rio et al., 2013
GT	EGC 32–306 mg	EGC	40–1791 nM	1.3–2.2	http://phenol‐explorer.eu/, Williamson et al., 2011; Clifford et al., 2013; Del Rio et al., 2013
GT	EC 12–113 mg	EC	29–655 nM	1.4–1.8	http://phenol‐explorer.eu/, Williamson et al., 2011; Clifford et al., 2013; Del Rio et al., 2013
GT	flavanols 32–154 mg	Methyl‐EGC	62–5300 nM	2–2.3	http://phenol‐explorer.eu/, Williamson et al., 2011; Clifford et al., 2013; Del Rio et al., 2013
GT	flavanols 12–17 mg	Methyl‐EC‐sulfate	14–90 nM	1.3–1.7	http://phenol‐explorer.eu/, Williamson et al., 2011; Clifford et al., 2013; Del Rio et al., 2013
GT	Flavanols 648 μM in 500 mL	EC‐glucuronide	29 nM	1.7	http://phenol‐explorer.eu/, Williamson et al., 2011; Clifford et al., 2013; Del Rio et al., 2013
		EC‐sulfates	89 nM	1.6
		EGC‐glucuronide	126 nM	2.2
		Met‐EGC‐glucuronide	46 nM	2.3
TFs	700 mg dissolved in 150 mL hot water:	Theaflavins	≈1 μg·L−1	2	http://phenol‐explorer.eu/, Mulder et al., 2001
	TF 123.9·700 mg−1 DW
	TF3G 222.6·700 mg−1 DW
	TF3'G 116.9·700 mg−1DW
	TFDG 219.8·700 mg−1DW

Cmax, peak‐plasma concentrations; DW, dry weight; TF, theaflavin; TF3G, theaflavin 3‐O‐gallate; TF3′G, theaflavin 3′‐O‐gallate; TFDG, theaflavin 3,3′‐O‐digallate; Tmax, time at which the Cmax is observed.