Table 4.
Standardized associations (β, SE) between job strain quadrants and eight different continuous cognitive outcomes.
| Low strain | Passive | Active | High strain | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||
| β | SE | P | β | SE | P | β | SE | P | ||
| Mini-Mental State Exam | ||||||||||
| M1: age, gendera | (ref) | −0.05 | (0.02) | 0.075 | 0.01 | (0.03) | 0.615 | −0.03 | (0.03) | 0.272 |
| M2: M1+education, occupationb | (ref) | −0.01 | (0.03) | 0.853 | −0.01 | (0.03) | 0.868 | −0.01 | (0.03) | 0.697 |
| M3: M2+social, vascular risksc | (ref) | −0.01 | (0.03) | 0.794 | −0.01 | (0.03) | 0.848 | −0.003 | (0.03) | 0.913 |
| Trailmaking Test A | ||||||||||
| M1: age, gendera | (ref) | −0.09 | (0.03) | 0.001 | −0.02 | (0.03) | 0.554 | −0.06 | (0.03) | 0.020 |
| M2: M1+education, occupationb | (ref) | −0.06 | (0.03) | 0.042 | −0.03 | (0.03) | 0.324 | −0.05 | (0.03) | 0.071 |
| M3: M2+social, vascular risksc | (ref) | −0.05 | (0.03) | 0.074 | −0.02 | (0.03) | 0.397 | −0.04 | (0.03) | 0.122 |
| Trailmaking Test B | ||||||||||
| M2: M1+age, gender | (ref) | −0.09 | (0.02) | 0.001 | 0.02 | (0.03) | 0.452 | −0.01 | (0.03) | 0.636 |
| M3: M2+educ, occ | (ref) | −0.04 | (0.03) | 0.126 | 0.00 | (0.03) | 0.998 | 0.01 | (0.03) | 0.739 |
| M4: M3+social, vascular | (ref) | −0.04 | (0.03) | 0.153 | 0.001 | (0.03) | 0.942 | 0.02 | (0.03) | 0.470 |
| FCSRTd-Immediate† | ||||||||||
| M1: age, gendera | (ref) | −0.01 | (0.03) | 0.655 | 0.02 | (0.03) | 0.415 | 0.001 | (0.02) | 0.962 |
| M2: M1+education, occupationb | (ref) | 0.01 | (0.03) | 0.789 | 0.01 | (0.03) | 0.623 | 0.01 | (0.02) | 0.723 |
| M3: M2+social, vascular risksc | (ref) | 0.01 | (0.03) | 0.757 | 0.01 | (0.03) | 0.722 | 0.02 | (0.03) | 0.399 |
| FCSRTd-Delayed† | ||||||||||
| M1: age, gendera | (ref) | −0.03 | (0.03) | 0.327 | −0.01 | (0.03) | 0.687 | 0.00 | (0.03) | 0.979 |
| M2: M1+education, occupationb | (ref) | −0.01 | (0.03) | 0.793 | −0.01 | (0.03) | 0.490 | 0.01 | (0.03) | 0.789 |
| M3: M2+social, vascular risksc | (ref) | −0.01 | (0.03) | 0.649 | −0.03 | (0.03) | 0.367 | 0.01 | (0.03) | 0.661 |
| Digit Symbol Substitution Test† | ||||||||||
| M1: age, gendera | (ref) | −0.10 | (0.03) | 0.0002 | 0.002 | (0.03) | 0.940 | −0.07 | (0.03) | 0.007 |
| M2: M1+education, occupationb | (ref) | −0.05 | (0.03) | 0.068 | −0.02 | (0.03) | 0.395 | −0.04 | (0.03) | 0.060 |
| M3: M2+social, vascular risksc | (ref) | −0.05 | (0.03) | 0.070 | −0.02 | (0.03) | 0.444 | −0.04 | (0.03) | 0.104 |
| Phonemic fluency | ||||||||||
| M1: age, gendera | (ref) | −0.09 | (0.03) | 0.002 | 0.01 | (0.03) | 0.775 | −0.09 | (0.03) | 0.002 |
| M2: M1+education, occupationb | (ref) | −0.05 | (0.03) | 0.069 | −0.01 | (0.03) | 0.671 | −0.07 | (0.03) | 0.011 |
| M3: M2+social, vascular risksc | (ref) | −0.06 | (0.03) | 0.058 | −0.01 | (0.03) | 0.639 | −0.07 | (0.03) | 0.016 |
| Semantic fluency | ||||||||||
| M1: age, gendera | (ref) | −0.11 | (0.03) | <.0001 | 0.02 | (0.03) | 0.470 | −0.09 | (0.03) | 0.001 |
| M2: M1+education, occupationb | (ref) | −0.07 | (0.03) | 0.016 | 0.00 | (0.03) | 0.988 | −0.07 | (0.03) | 0.011 |
| M3: M2+social, vascular risksc | (ref) | −0.08 | (0.03) | 0.006 | −0.01 | (0.03) | 0.634 | −0.07 | (0.03) | 0.008 |
a
Adjusted for age and gender
b
Adjusted for age, gender, educational attainment, and occupational grade at testing
c
Adjusted for age, gender, educational attainment, occupational grade at testing, depressive and anxious symptoms, smoking status, alcohol consumption, BMI, high cholesterol, diabetes, history of myocardial infarction, years since retirement at testing, and marital status
d
Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test
†
Significant statistical interaction between exposure and participant sex