Table 3.

Contraindications of tranexamic acid [27]

Hypersensitivity to TXA

Early pregnancy, in late pregnancy only when vitally indicated

Disturbances of color vision

Massive bleeding in the upper urinary tract (risk of ureter obstruction due to clot)

Acute venous or arterial thrombosis

Severe renal impairment

History of convulsions

Intrathecal and intraventricular injection, intracerebral administration (risk of cerebral edema and convulsions)

Diseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) without severe hemorrhage