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. 2017 Apr 1;40(3):1072–1086. doi: 10.1007/s10753-017-0550-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 2 — HFD augments HDM-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and cytokine production in the lungs. a Protocol of HDM-induced airway inflammation in normal chow or HFD mouse model. b Body weight gain is compared among PBS-chow, HDM-chow, PBS-HFD, and HDM-HFD mice (n = 6 in each group). c Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis for total and differential cell counts among PBS-chow, HDM-chow, PBS-HFD, and HDM-HFD mice (n = 6 in each group). The HDM-HFD group is compared with the HDM-chow group. d Airway hyperresponsiveness is measured through assessment of airway resistance according to graded concentrations of methacholine in PBS-chow, HDM-chow, PBS-HFD, and HDM-HFD mice (n = 6 in each group). The HDM-chow group is compared with the PBS-chow group, while the HDM-HFD group is compared with HDM-chow mice. e Histologic examination for airway inflammation. Sections are stained with H & E (upper panels) and PAS (lower panels). Original magnification was × 200. Concentrations of f IL-13, g IL-17A, h IL-1β, and i MIP2 in lung tissue are measured by ELISA (n = 6 in each group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. HFD, high-fat diet; HDM, house dust mite; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; H & E, hematoxylin and eosin; PAS, periodic acid-Schiff; MIP2, macrophage inflammatory protein 2; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Fig. 2 — HFD augments HDM-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and cytokine production in the lungs. a Protocol of HDM-induced airway inflammation in normal chow or HFD mouse model. b Body weight gain is compared among PBS-chow, HDM-chow, PBS-HFD, and HDM-HFD mice (n = 6 in each group). c Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis for total and differential cell counts among PBS-chow, HDM-chow, PBS-HFD, and HDM-HFD mice (n = 6 in each group). The HDM-HFD group is compared with the HDM-chow group. d Airway hyperresponsiveness is measured through assessment of airway resistance according to graded concentrations of methacholine in PBS-chow, HDM-chow, PBS-HFD, and HDM-HFD mice (n = 6 in each group). The HDM-chow group is compared with the PBS-chow group, while the HDM-HFD group is compared with HDM-chow mice. e Histologic examination for airway inflammation. Sections are stained with H & E (upper panels) and PAS (lower panels). Original magnification was × 200. Concentrations of f IL-13, g IL-17A, h IL-1β, and i MIP2 in lung tissue are measured by ELISA (n = 6 in each group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. HFD, high-fat diet; HDM, house dust mite; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; H & E, hematoxylin and eosin; PAS, periodic acid-Schiff; MIP2, macrophage inflammatory protein 2; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.