Table 1.
Basic characteristics of 2108 old Japanese women categorized with and without frailtya
| Total (n = 2108) | No frailtyb (n = 1627) | Frailtyb (n = 481) | P c | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median, IQR or n (%) | Median, IQR or n (%) | Median, IQR or n (%) | |||||||||||
| Age, years | 74 | 71 | - | 78 | 74 | 70 | - | 77 | 77 | 74 | - | 81 | <0.0001 |
| Body height, cm | 150.0 | 147.0 | - | 154.0 | 150.2 | 147.7 | - | 154.0 | 150.0 | 145.0 | - | 153.0 | <0.0001 |
| Body weight, kg | 51.0 | 46.0 | - | 56.0 | 51.0 | 46.1 | - | 56.0 | 51.0 | 45.0 | - | 57.0 | 0.71 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.5 | 20.6 | - | 24.7 | 22.4 | 20.5 | - | 24.4 | 22.8 | 20.8 | - | 25.4 | 0.02 |
| Residential block, n (%) | 0.38 | ||||||||||||
| Hokkaido and Tohoku | 193 (9.2) | 142 (8.7) | 51 (10.6) | ||||||||||
| Kanto | 526 (25.0) | 404 (24.8) | 122 (25.4) | ||||||||||
| Hokuriku and Tokai | 510 (24.2) | 410 (25.2) | 100 (20.8) | ||||||||||
| Kinki | 262 (12.4) | 199 (12.2) | 63 (13.1) | ||||||||||
| Chugoku and Shikoku | 342 (16.2) | 265 (16.3) | 77 (16.0) | ||||||||||
| Kyushu | 275 (13.1) | 207 (12.7) | 68 (14.1) | ||||||||||
| Size of residential area, n (%) | 0.26 | ||||||||||||
| City with a population ≥1 million | 274 (13.0) | 204 (12.5) | 70 (14.6) | ||||||||||
| City with a population <1 million | 1598 (75.8) | 1247 (76.6) | 351 (73.0) | ||||||||||
| Town and village | 236 (11.2) | 176 (10.8) | 60 (12.5) | ||||||||||
| Living alone, n (%) | 0.30 | ||||||||||||
| No | 1759 (83.4) | 1365 (83.9) | 394 (81.9) | ||||||||||
| Yes | 349 (16.6) | 262 (16.1) | 87 (18.1) | ||||||||||
| Marital status, n (%) | <0.0001 | ||||||||||||
| Single | 4 (0.2) | 3 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | ||||||||||
| Married | 1275 (60.5) | 1035 (63.6) | 240 (49.9) | ||||||||||
| Widowed | 777 (36.9) | 546 (33.6) | 231 (48.0) | ||||||||||
| Separated | 52 (2.5) | 43 (2.6) | 9 (1.9) | ||||||||||
| Education, n (%) | 0.04 | ||||||||||||
| ≤ Junior high school and others | 977 (46.4) | 732 (45.0) | 245 (50.9) | ||||||||||
| High school | 933 (44.3) | 733 (45.1) | 200 (41.6) | ||||||||||
| ≥ Some college | 198 (9.4) | 162 (10.0) | 36 (7.5) | ||||||||||
| Current smoking, n (%) | 0.002 | ||||||||||||
| No | 2054 (97.4) | 1595 (98.0) | 459 (95.4) | ||||||||||
| Yes | 54 (2.6) | 32 (2.0) | 22 (4.6) | ||||||||||
| Alcohol drinking, n (%) | <0.0001 | ||||||||||||
| No | 1695 (80.4) | 1278 (78.6) | 417 (86.7) | ||||||||||
| Yes | 413 (19.6) | 349 (21.5) | 64 (13.3) | ||||||||||
| Dietary supplement use, n (%) | 0.0002 | ||||||||||||
| No | 1475 (70.0) | 1106 (68.0) | 369 (76.7) | ||||||||||
| Yes | 633 (30.0) | 521 (32.0) | 112 (23.3) | ||||||||||
| Physical activity, total metabolic equivalents-hours/d | 38.1 | 34.3 | - | 43.2 | 39.6 | 35.9 | 44.1 | 32.9 | 30.9 | 36.4 | <0.0001 | ||
| History of chronic diseased, n (%) | <0.0001 | ||||||||||||
| No | 1059 (50.2) | 864 (53.1) | 195 (40.5) | ||||||||||
| Yes | 1049 (49.8) | 763 (46.9) | 286 (59.5) | ||||||||||
| Depression symptomse, n (%) | <0.0001 | ||||||||||||
| No | 1617 (76.7) | 1363 (83.8) | 254 (52.8) | ||||||||||
| Yes | 491 (23.3) | 264 (16.2) | 227 (47.2) | ||||||||||
IQR interquartile range
aValues are medians and interquartile ranges or numbers of subjects (%)
bFrailty score (0–5) was defined as the sum of poor physical function (two points), exhaustion (one point), low physical activity (one point), and unintentional weight loss (one point). A score of ≥3 was classified as indicating frailty
cContinuous values were compared by Mann–Whitney signed-rank test and proportions for categorical values were compared by the chi-square test
dHistory of chronic disease was defined as having any of the following self-reported disease: stroke, myocardial infarction, hypertension, diabetes, or chronic rheumatism
eDepression symptoms were defined as a Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression score ≥16