Table 3.
Baseline and operative characteristics of the HFC study cohort and a contemporary no-HFC cohort undergoing elective proximal aortic surgery including hemi-arch replacement with DHCA before and after propensity matching.
| Variable | HFC (N=22) | Before Matching | After Matching | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No-HFC (N=74) | p-value | No HFC (N=22) | p-value | ||
| Age (yrs, mean±SD) | 51.9±13.7 | 58.2 ± 13.2 | 0.04 | 52.4 ± 13.5 | 0.25 |
| Male | 15 (68.2) | 46 (62.2) | 0.69 | 15 (68.2) | >0.99 |
| White Race | 18 (81.8) | 52 (70.3) | 0.26 | 17 (77.3) | 0.71 |
| BMI (kg/m2, mean±SD) | 29.9 ± 6.6 | 29.0 ± 6.4 | 0.47 | 29.2 ± 4.9 | 0.74 |
| Hypertension | 16 (72.7) | 63 (85.1) | 0.22 | 17 (77.3) | 0.73 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 13 (59.1) | 47 (63.5) | 0.67 | 11 (50.0) | 0.54 |
| Smoker | 12 (54.5) | 40 (54.1) | 0.97 | 12 (54.5) | >0.99 |
| Diabetes | 2 (9.1) | 10 (13.5) | 0.57 | 5 (18.2) | 0.22 |
| Coronary Artery Disease | 6 (27.3) | 23 (31.1) | <0.001 | 7 (31.8) | 0.74 |
| History of Stroke/TIA | 2 (9.1) | 4 (5.4) | 0.57 | 1 (4.5) | 0.55 |
| COPD | 1 (4.5) | 12 (16.2) | 0.03 | 2 (9.1) | 0.55 |
| Renal Insufficiency (Cr>1.5mg/dL) | 1 (4.5) | 11 (14.8) | 0.11 | 2 (9.1) | 0.55 |
| Peripheral Vascular Disease | 0 (0) | 5 (6.8) | 0.009 | 0 (0) | >0.99 |
| Redo-Sternotomy | 3 (13.6) | 20 (27.0) | 0.16 | 4 (18.2) | 0.68 |
| Root Replacement | 9 (40.9) | 31 (41.9) | 0.93 | 12 (54.5) | 0.37 |
| Ascending Aortic Repair | 12 (54.5) | 43 (58.1) | 0.94 | 10 (45.5) | 0.55 |
| Concomitant Procedure | 5 (22.7) | 32 (43.2) | <0.001 | 6 (27.3) | 0.73 |
| Previous Aortic Surgery | 3 (13.6) | 22 (29.7) | 0.10 | 5 (22.7) | 0.43 |
| Atherosclerotic Disease | 8 (36.4) | 48 (64.9) | 0.02 | 9 (40.9) | 0.76 |
| Bicuspid Aortic Valve Syndrome | 13 (59.1) | 25 (33.8) | 0.03 | 13 (59.1) | >0.99 |
| Chronic Type A Dissection | 1 (4.5) | 7 (9.5) | <0.001 | 2 (9.1) | 0.55 |
| Previous Aortic Dissection | 2 (9.1) | 8 (10.8) | 0.86 | 3 (13.6) | 0.63 |
| Presenting Aortic Symptoms | 2 (9.1) | 28 (37.8) | <0.001 | 3 (13.6) | 0.63 |
| Ejection Fraction (%, mean±SD) | 54.3 ± 1.8 | 51.9 ± 8.2 | 0.01 | 51.4 ± 9.7 | 0.18 |
| Aortic Insufficiency | 10 (45.5) | 42 (56.8) | 0.91 | 10 (45.5) | >0.99 |
| Max Aortic Diameter (cm, mean±SD) | 5.6 ± 0.7 | 5.6 ± 1.3 | 0.80 | 5.9 ± 1.4 | 0.54 |
| ASA Class | <0.001 | 0.55 | |||
| Class 2 | 1 (4.5) | 4 (5.4) | 2 (9.1) | ||
| Class 3 | 21 (95.5) | 47 (63.5) | 20 (90.1) | ||
| Retrograde Cerebral Perfusion | 5 (22.7) | 12 (16.2) | 0.52 | 4 (18.2) | 0.71 |
| Antegrade Cerebral Perfusion | 17 (77.3) | 62 (83.8) | 0.31 | 18 (81.8) | 0.71 |
| *Minimum Core Temp. (°C, mean±SD) | 16.7±1.5 | 18.3±2.7 | 0.0009 | 17.9±2.3 | 0.05 |
| *Minimum Nasopharyngeal Temp. (°C, mean±SD) | 14.7±2.0 | 14.6±1.9 | 0.83 | 14.3±1.5 | 0.39 |
| *Operative Time (minutes, mean±SD) | 310±44.1 | 346.3±71.7 | 0.006 | 336.5±70.3 | 0.15 |
| *Cardiopulmonary Bypass Time (minutes, mean±SD) | 202.1±30.1 | 210.7±37.1 | 0.27 | 214.6±36.4 | 0.22 |
| *Circulatory Arrest Time (minutes, mean±SD) | 16.5±4.1 | 17.3±5.1 | 0.45 | 16.2±4.0 | 0.85 |
SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; TIA: transient ischemic attack; Cr: creatinine; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists;
*
not included as matching variables