Table 3.
Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of primary liver cancer according to the tertiles of the intake of five main choline-containing compounds in all subjects.
| Amount (mg/d) | n (cases/controls) | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |||
| Tertile of free choline | ||||
| T1 | <44.1 | 356/214 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 | 44.1–56.7 | 160/215 | 0.45 (0.33, 0.60) | 0.47 (0.34, 0.66) |
| T3 | >56.7 | 128/215 | 0.34 (0.25, 0.46) | 0.36 (0.25, 0.51) |
| P-trend* | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Tertile of glycerophosphocholine | ||||
| T1 | <24.7 | 263/214 | 1.00 | 1.0 |
| T2 | 24.7–31.5 | 217/215 | 0.82 (0.62, 1.07) | 0.92 (0.67, 1.26) |
| T3 | >31.5 | 164/215 | 0.62 (0.47, 0.81) | 0.61 (0.44, 0.84) |
| P-trend | 0.001 | 0.003 | ||
| Tertile of phosphocholine | ||||
| T1 | <12.4 | 373/214 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 | 12.4–18.2 | 167/215 | 0.47 (0.35, 0.62) | 0.45 (0.32, 0.62) |
| T3 | >18.2 | 104/215 | 0.26 (0.19, 0.36) | 0.26 (0.18, 0.38) |
| P-trend* | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Tertile of phosphatidylcholine | ||||
| T1 | <153.5 | 299/214 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 | 153.5–206.0 | 194/216 | 0.66 (0.51, 0.86) | 0.61 (0.44, 0.83) |
| T3 | >206.0 | 151/214 | 0.47 (0.35, 0.63) | 0.40 (0.28, 0.57) |
| P-trend* | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Tertile of sphingomyelin | ||||
| T1 | <12.2 | 284/214 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 | 12.2–15.8 | 164/215 | 0.57 (0.44, 0.76) | 0.58 (0.42, 0.81) |
| T3 | >15.8 | 196/215 | 0.66 (0.51, 0.87) | 0.56 (0.41, 0.77) |
| P-trend * | 0.002 | <0.001 | ||
Models 1 and 2: from the conditional logistic model.
Model 1: adjusted for the daily energy intake (ln-transformed), in addition to matching by sex and age.
Model 2: Model 1+, BMI, education level, occupation, household income, smoking, alcohol consumption, tea consumption, physical activity and dietary folate intake.
*α for P-trends = 0.05/10(tests) = 0.005.