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. 2017 Apr 6;7:672. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-00796-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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NaF-induced oxidative stress in TCMK-1 cells. (a) Cells were incubated with the indicated doses of NaF for the indicated period, and then cell viability was determined using the CCK-8 assay. Cells were incubated with fresh medium in the presence or absence of NaF (3 mM) for 12 h, (b) Ultrastructure of TCMK-1 cell. (c) The mitochondrial O₂ ^•− levels. (d) 8-OHdG content (a marker of oxidative DNA damage). (e) Reduced GSH content. (f) SOD2 activity. (g) The representative immunoblot and quantification analysis of SOD2. All results are representative of three independent experiments and values are presented as means ± s.d. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01 versus the control group. Full-length blots/gels are presented in Supplementary Figure S8.