Table 1.
Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics.
| Parameters | Healthy controls | HIV-1 seropositive patients* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Viremics | Elite Controllers | Long Term ART | P values | ||
| N | 17 | 38 | 19 | 19 | |
| Age; Median (IQR) | 49 (27–65) | 34 (31–45) | 35 (25–42) | 31 (25–32) | 0.06 |
| Gender; Female; N (%) | 8 (47) | 22 (57) | 9 (47) | 3 (16) | 0.005 |
| Route of Transmission; N (%) | |||||
| Heterosexual | NA | 25 (66%) | 10 (52%) | 10 (52%) | 0.75 |
| MSM | 8 (21%) | 4 (21%) | 5 (26%) | ||
| PWID | 3 (8%) | 2 (11%) | 3 (16%) | ||
| Other/Unknown | 2 (5%) | 3 (16%) | 1 (5%) | ||
| Country of Birth; N (%) | |||||
| Sweden | NA | 17 (45%) | 8 (42%) | 13 (68%) | 0.18 |
| Abroad | 21 (55%) | 11 (58%) | 6 (32%) | ||
| Country of transmission; N (%) | |||||
| Sweden | NA | 21 (55%) | 8 (42%) | 6 (32%) | 0.22 |
| Abroad | 17 (45%) | 11 (58%) | 13 (68%) | ||
| Subtypes; N (%)** | |||||
| A1 | NA | 6 (16%) | 1 (5%) | 0 | NA |
| B | 9 (23%) | 2 (10%) | 2 (10%) | ||
| C | 16 (42%) | 7 (37%) | 1 (5%) | ||
| Other | 7 (18%) | 2 (10%) | 1 (5%) | ||
| ND | 0 | 7 (37%) | 15 (79%) | ||
| Parameter at time of sampling | |||||
| Duration since HIV diagnosis Mean (Range), years | NA | 0.09 (0–1.5) | 12 (3–33) | 22 (13–31) | <0.001 |
| Duration of treatment Mean (Range), years | NA | NA | NA | 17 (13–20) | NA |
| CD4+ T-cells; cells/mm3 Median (IQR) | NA | 267 (137–520) | 950 (695–1655) | 550 (490–610) | <0.0001 |
| CD4+ T-cells %, Median (IQR) | NA | 20 (13–27) | 46 (33–48) | 34 (29–39) | <0.001 |
| CD8+ T-cells; cells/mm3 Median (IQR) | NA | 760 (530–980) | 780 (590–905) | 580 (450–780) | 0.26 |
| CD8+ %, Median (IQR) | NA | 51 (42–63) | 33 (27–45) | 39 (31–46) | <0.001 |
| CD4: CD8 | NA | 0.42 (0.2–0.74) | 1.48(0.79–1.71) | 0.86 (0.70–1.13) | <0.001 |
| Plasma HIV-1 RNA, log10 copies/mL, Mean (SD) | NA | 4.68 (0.75) | <20 | <20 | NA |
Viremics = untreated patients with detectable viremia; Long Term ART: patients who have received antiretroviral therapy without any viral blips or virological failure since initiation of therapy; NA: Not applicable. **Some of ECs subtyping was based on the Gag or LTR region.