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. 2017 Apr 7;7:732. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-00826-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1/miR-181d status stratifies patient survival. (A) Dose-dependent effects of IGF-1 on miR-181d expression levels. (B) Detection of endogenous miR-181d levels in normal human astrocytes and three different glioma cell lines, including HS683, M059K, and U87-MG cells. After cells were treated with the indicated doses of IGF-1 for 48 h, RNA was extracted to detect miR-181d levels. Relative expression levels of miR-181d were measured with a real-time PCR. The miR-191-5p level was used as an internal control. Data are the mean ± SD of three experiments. The analyses of Kaplan-Meier survival curves in the IGF-1 (C), miR-181d (D), and IGF-1 combined with miR-181d (E) groups. TCGA glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients were divided into two groups based on the median expression cutoff points of IGF-1 and miR-181d levels. The survival rate was measured by a log-rank test. (F) Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of IGF1-miR-181d axis-regulated cytokine genes.