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. 2017 Apr 11;7:812. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-00845-x

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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TGF-β induces phosphorylation of AKT in human TM cells. (A) Western blot analysis of AKT and its phosphorylation (pAKT- ser473) in TM cells treated with TGF-β2 (1, 5 or 10 ng/ml). Protein was extracted at 24 h. TGF-β receptor signaling was inhibited using SB431542 (SB; 20 μM). D7278- representative human donor. (B) Densitometry was performed on AKT and pAKT Western blot data using ImageJ software. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc. *p < 0.05. N = 3.