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. 2017 Apr 11;7:820. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-00991-2

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Relationship between herbivory rates and the abundance of rabbitfish (Siganus fuscescens), y = 1.33 + 2.05x, R² = 0.89 (a), temperate herbivorous fish known to consume kelp (species pooled: Kyphosus sydneyanus and Olisthops cyanomelas), y = 5.88 + 0.407x, R² = 0.02 (b), and kelp biomass (Ecklonia radiata), y = 1.85 − 0.0458x, R² = 0.16 (c), on inshore reefs at Marmion, south-western Australia. Most of the points in (a) from before the marine heatwave (2004 and 2007) are clustered and overlapped close to zero. Regression line shown for statistically significant relationships, grey-shaded areas represent 95% confidence intervals and p-values were generated with PERMANCOVA.