Table 2.

Major factors regulating the activity of vascular precursor cells

Mediators	Receptors	Function
Activators
Ang	TIE2	EPC adhesion, migration, and homing
HIF		Master transcription factor for expression of over 60 genes related to vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and inflammation
IL-1	IL-1R	EPC proliferation, adhesion, migration, and differentiation
IL-6	IL-6R	EPC proliferation, migration, and differentiation
MIF	CD74	EPC migration and chemotaxis
PDGF	PDGFR	Survive, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and secretion of EPCs, MSCs, and pericytes
SDF-1/CXCL12	CXCR4	Retention of SPCs in their niche; recruitment and homing of EPCs, MSCs, and SMPs; EPC proliferation and differentiation
TGF-β	TβR	Proliferation and differentiation of EPCs and MSCs; HIF expression, stability, and activity in cells
VEGF	VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2	EPC proliferation, migration, and differentiation
Inhibitors
VEGI/TNFSF15	??, DR3	EPC survive, adhesion, migration, and differentiation
PEDF	PEDF receptor?	EPC adhesion, migration, and differentiation; expression of VEGF
IL-10	IL-10 receptor (IL-10R)	EPC differentiation
IL-18	IL-18 receptor (IL-18R)	EPC differentiation
Ang II	Ang II receptor (Ang IIR)	EPC proliferation, induction of senescence in EPCs