Table 5.

Antioxidant activities of Cynara scolymus leaves extracts.

Sample	FRAP assay (umol Fe (II)/g DW)	β-Carotene bleaching assay (%)	TEAC assay (mmol Trolox/g DW)
Hexane	223.023 ±  11.16#∗∗∗	37.38 ±  5.24#∗∗∗	104.3 ±  10.73#∗∗∗
Ethyl acetate	508.29 ±  5.24#∗∗∗	61.56 ±  8.17#∗	382.60 ±  5.24#∗∗
Butanol	443.06 ±  22.98#∗∗∗	49.393 ±  2.24#∗∗	251.93 ±  28.15#∗∗∗
Ethanol	527.79 ± 16.26	70.743 ± 1.29	499.43 ± 39.72
Aqueous	315.91 ±  8.36#∗∗∗	56.11 ±  5.43#∗∗	210.74 ±  8.36#∗∗∗
BHT	—	47.94 ±  0.75#∗∗∗	—
AA	—	90.59 ±  3.25#∗∗∗	—

Values are means ± SD (n = 3). Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) and Ascorbic Acid (AA) were used as positive control; ^#compared with EtOH extract. ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, and ^∗∗∗p < 0.001.