Figure 1.

CpG-c41 inhibits cytokine secretion driven by intracellular TLR activation in vitro. Effects of CpG-c41 on cytokine secretion induced by TLR activation in WT BMDMs (a) and BMDCs (b), TLR8 activation in THP-1 cells (c), and dual TLR activation in RAW264.7 cells (d). All cells were seeded into 96-well tissue culture plates at 5 × 10⁵ cells/200 μl/well in the presence or absence of CpG-c41 (4 μM) for 24 hours and stimulated as indicated: zymosan (200 μg/ml), polyI:C (100 μg/ml), LPS (100 ng/ml), imiquimod (2 μg/ml), ssRNA120 (30 μg/ml) mixed with DOTAP, R848 (0.2 μg/ml), and CpG-1826 (2 μM). Cytokines in cell-free culture supernatants were determined by ELISA. ^∗∗P < 0.01. Bars represent mean ± SEM (n = 4). NS, normal saline.